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IND1X= 


of  tjjc  War 
Current  Events.. 


II-ist.n-ii\'il  lle^n.ster  of  ihv'  Imi  -1  \  crtr 

f)  to  15 

15 

Notes  of  th^  War In 

The  Langh^-Stoek,  etc 1 G 

What  the  »th  Has  Lost 10 

The  Effeet  Sthe  Di.ssohilinn  on  the 

XorthT. 17 

Aii[.eal  to  Kaise  P.reaiistnllV. IT 

Plant  (.'orn IS 

Xo  Dependence  I'pon  Indi.i 19 

How  theContrabftiuls  Treat  the  Doo- 
dles  20 

Illinois  and  the  Neero 20 

iMeC!lellan,s  Strate.jric  Move 20 

(j£;neralsof  the  Confederate  Army.. 21 

Fii?it  Prayer  in  Conaress 22 

The  Fir.Ht  Seeessioiii.'^t • 22 

Historical  Parallels -.'. 

A  Dying  X.ation - 1 

Sore  Tliroat  24 

P.attle^  of  Manas.>:i.-  an.!  l:ir!iii...iid  . . -'.^ 

Our  Prison er.s  of  \\' 111         20 

Stonewall  ,Taek*on . .  27 

y.aukee.s  Still  Steal n:  ...27 

Yankees  Sellinc;  X<:  !  ...27 

Yankees  Cruelty  . .  . .  .2S 

MeClellan's  Army.. .  ,.  ..2S 

Yiinkee  Outrages'  in  N  ■  .i  i.  i !.     2.>^ 

Ki^'ht  Sons  in  the  Amu 2:^ 

Gen.  P>uekner  to  be  Trir.l 29 

Xortliern  Dissatisfaetion 00 

Extract  Letter  by  Fed.  Surgeon 30 

London  Tele£;raph  on  P.ntlcr -W 

Eajrle  Hides  his  Hea.l "0 

Extract  from  the  Tenth  Chapter  of 
.loshna— with  anew  1r.anslation.:!l 

Scenes  of  a  Yankee  Marcli :*.2 

Sharp  SabrewS  for  Cavalry ■>■'> 

The  Mechanic ' "5 

Battle  Crv of  the  ;^(>uth oC> 

XeverSayDie     07 

Oar  Jtovolntion -!s 

How   to  .\fake  P.iittcr 00 

Preventative  for  Pneniiidnia 09 

T&,;Pre.servc  Butter 40 

Home  made  Soap  and  Stari-li 40 


starch  of  Home  Made  Munufacliu«-.  .41 

Meat  Preserved  in  Molasses 41 

To  Destroy  Cutting,'  Ants  in  Garden.s  41 

Economy  In  Bread 4''' 

Dryincf  Sweet  Corn -i 

SnbstihU4>  for  Colfee ^ 

Snbst  i t  ute  for  Fore! isn  Tea -i  - 

To  Make  Excellent  Ye.ast. , i ' 

Parched  C;orn ^  ^ 

Another  Substitute  for  ( 'olfee 43 

Pickled  Cucumbers 43 

Green  Tomato  Pickle 4 1 

To  M.ake  Hard  Candles 40 

Tomato  Catsup 4tl 

Worth  Knowiiif 44 


:*' 


U.4L« 

..4t; 


Portable  Food  f\:)r  Scouts.. 

IJlackberry  Syrup 

lllackberry  VVine 

Soothinj;  brink  foi'  <  \.ii:  1 

Cheap  ISarometci'. 

Iiiip.irtant  to  Card.!.,  i 

Paint  for  Out  Door  W  ^t  k 

W.ater  Proof  Clolh 

<'nro  for  Cou^h 

Rattlesn.ake  P.ite  Cured, 

<'ure  f(vr  Hvdroplioliia. 

To  Deslroy'Grass  in  Wall 
j  Method  Washin.s:  Cotton  ;ii 

Antidote  auainsl  P(ti«on 
I  Lockiaw 

To. Make  Oil  Cloth 

Harness  and  Slioemakers'.fi 

To  Increase  the  Growth  of  II 

Cure  for  a  Cold 4. 

Erysipelas 4  7 

1  ('lire  for  a  Sprain I i 

To  Make  Boots  and  Slio.vs  Waterprnor4'. 

lieci]>e  for  Kheumatism 17 

To  Prevent  Lamp  Sni.tking !.^ 

( 'ure  forAstlima 4^ 

To  Make  ViTiegar 4S 

To  Cure  Toothache 4^. 

<  'ui'e  for  Cancer 4S 

Antidote  for  Chills  and  Fever 4,^ 

.  Infallible  Cure  for  Toothache 4S 

Lockjaw  from  tho  Erni.«e  of  a  Nail.  .45 

To  (;are  Ear  Aclie . . ; 4  r 


^4^^ 


The  most   important  and  first  great  necessity   is  the    de- 
velopment of  our  national  resources.     This   has  been  fre- 
quently urged  upon  us  by  the  press  and  men  in  private  life; 
To  demonstrate  our  ability  as  a  self-sustaining  people,  let  us 
commence  our  work  of   reformation  and  experimenting  in 
the  dairy,  and  extend  it  to  the  garden  and  the  field.     With 
a  little  attention  in  this  direction,  we  shall  not  be  at  a  loss 
for  the  want  of  Yankee  butter.     But  with  a  united  effort 
and  determination  on  the  part  of  the  people  of  the  South, 
we  shall  soon  be  enabled  to  supply  the  markets  of  the  whole 
Confederacy  with  an  article  of  good  butter,  at  rates  equally 
as  cheap  as  has  usually  been  paid  for  an  inferior  article  im- 
ported from   the   land  of   wooden  nutmegs  and  bass-wood 
haras.     Our  climate  is  sufficiently   favorable,    and   our  soil 
abundantly  productive  to  make  our  own  butter,  preserves, 
pickles,  &c..     We  possess  all  the   necessary   elements  and 
means,  if  we  will  develope  and  use   them,    to    become    en- 
tirely independent  of    Northern  fanaticism.     Let  us  indus- 
triously apply  ourselves   to  create  abundant   individual  sul)- 
1^  sistence,  and  we   shall,  ere  long,  be  surprised  at  the  result. 
We  shall  behold  ("  as  by  magic,")  a  spontaneous  develop- 
ment of  our  national  sustenance,  ■which  is  the  principal  foun- 
dation of  national  strength.     Besides  possessing  all.  the  ne- 
cessary  elements   bf  national   independence,    we   are   the 
principal   producers  of  the  great  staple,  Cotton,  the    king 
of  commerce  which  commands  the  consideration  and  friendly 
inclination  of  all  nations  towards  us. 

Let  us  acknowledge  our  indebtedness  to  Him  who  gavp 
Such  important  advantages  to  us  and  our  slave ; 
In  a  climate  so  congenial,  with  masters  humane, 
Africans  are  civilized  and  proper  culture  obtain ; 
Though  incapble  of  obtaining  political  stations. 
They  enjoy  religious  existence,  and  benefit  all  nations. 
By  working  our  fields,  producing  a  substance  or  thing 
Which,  is  agreed  by  consent  of  commerce,  is  king. 


vN 


BOARD  OF  EXEMPTIONS, 

Barnwell  District  ) 
March,    1862.      ( 

H.  W.  R.  Jackson,  of  Aiken  Beat  Company,   llth  Regi- 
ment South  Carolina  Militia,  in   consequence  of  deformity 
of  left  leg,  on  account  of  fracture,  is  declared   incapable  of 
military  duty,  and  is  hereby  exempted  from  conscription. 
T.  J.  COUNTS,    Chairman. 

J.  J.  O'Bannon,   ^ec'y 

Since  the  commencement  of  our  revolution,  I  have  given 
my  entire  attention  to  the  publication  of  several  worlds,  one 
of  which  is  now  before  the  reader  ;  though  being  least  in  size, 
may  not  be  least  in  importance  as  to  general  information, 
being  designed  for  annual  publication.  It  will,  in  time,  be- 
come a  large  and  interesting  work.  It  will  grow,  I  hope, 
in  importance  to  the  people  of  the  Confederacy,  with  the 
development  of  onr  national  resources  and  independence,  as 
one  of  the  principal  objects  it  has  in  view  is  to  aid  in  the  ac- 
complishment of  a  complete  separation  from  Yankee  influence, 
commercial,  political,  religious,  and  social. 

H.  W.  R.  J. 


HISTOniOAL    RSC-ISTSn 

OF  THE 

First    l^oar    of    the    TV^ar 


The  mihtarj  operations  of  the  war,  during  the  first  year  of  its  exist- 
ence,  from  the  commission  of  the  overt  act  by  Major  Anderson. 
December    20.. South  Carolina  seceded. 

December  26.. Sudden  evacuation  of  Fort  Moultrie  by  Major  Ander- 
son, United  States  Army.  He  spikes  the  guns,  burns  the  gun  carnages, 
and  retreats  to  Fort  Sumter,  which  he  occupies, 

December  27..  Capture  of  Fort  Moultrie  and  Castle  Pinckney  by  the 
South  Carolina  troops.  Captain  Coste  surrenders  the  revenue  cutter 
Aiken. 

1861. 
January  0.  .Capture  of  Fort  Pulaski  by  the  Savannah  troops. 
January  3.  .The    Arsenal  of  Mount    Vernon,    Alabama,  with    20,0uu 
stand  of  arms,  seized  by  the  Alabama  troops. 
January  4.  .Fort  Morgan,  in  Mobile  bay,  taken  by  the  Alabama'troopn. 
January  y..  The  Steamship  Star   of  the  West  tired    into   and  "driven 
off  by  the  South  Carolina   batteries  on  Morris'   Island.      Failure  of  the 
attempt  to  reinforce  Fort  Sumter. 
Jaauary  10..  Mississippi  seceded. 

January  10.  .Fort  Jackson,  St.  Phillips    and  Pike,  near  New  Orleans, 
captured  by  the  Louisiana  troops. 
January  11 .  .Alabama  Seceded. 
January  11.  .Florida  seceded. 

January  1-3. .  Capture  of  the  Pensacola  Navy  Yard,  and  Forts  Barancas 
and  McRea,  by  the  troops  from  Florida,  Alabama,  and  Louisiana.  Ma- 
jor Chase  shortly  after  takes  command,  and  the  siege  cf  Fort  Pickens 
commences. 

January  15.  .Surrender  of  the  Baton  Rouge  Arsenal  to  the  Louisiana 
troops. 
Januay  19.. Georgia  seceded. 

January  24.  .Augusta  Arsenal  taken  by  the  troops   of  Augusta. 
J  anuary  2'j . .  Louisi  ana  seceded. 

January  01.  .The  New  Orleans  Mint  and   Custom  House  taken  by  the 
Npw  Orleans  Cadets  and  Continental  Guards. 
February  1.. Texas  seceded. 

February  2.. Seizure  of  the  Little  Rock  Arsenal  by  the  Arkansas 
troops. 

February  4.  .Surrender  of  the  Revenue  Cutter  Cass  to  the  authorities 
of  Alabama. 

February  10.  .Provisional  Government  of  the  Confederate  States  es- 
tablished. 

February  IC.  .General  Twiggs  transfers  the  public  property  in  Texas 
tn  the  State  authorities.  Col.  Waite,  U.  S.  A.,  surrenders  San  Antonio 
fo  Col.  Ben.  McCullnch  and  his  Texas  Rangers. 


3'  3  3  &  0   8- 


6 

February  18 . .  Inauguration  of  President  Davis  at  Montgomerj,  Ala* 
bama. 

March  2..  The  Revenue  Cuttter  Dodge  seized  by  the  Texas  authori* 
ties. 

March  3 ..  General  Beauregard  assumes  command  of  the  troops  be" 
sieg:ing  Fort  Sumter. 

March  12.  .Fort  Brown,  in  Texas,  surrendered  by  Captain  Hill  to  the 
Texas  Commissioners. 

April  12— 13.. Battle  of  Fort  Sumter.  Brilliant  victory  gained  by 
General  Beauregard  and  the  South  Carolina  troops.  After  thirty-four 
hours  bombardment,  the  Fort  surrenders  to  the  Confederate    States. 

April  14.  .Evacuation  of  Fort  Sumter  by  Major  Anderson  andhia  com- 
mand. 

April  14.  .Abraham  Lincoln,  President  of  the  United  States,  issues  a 
proclamation,  calling  for  75,000  volunteers  to  put  down  the  "  Southern 
rebellion." 

April  15..  Colonel  Reeve,  U.  S.  A.,  surrenders  Fort  Bliss,  near  El 
Paso,  to  Col.  J.  W.  McGriffin,  the  Texas  Commissioner. 

April  16.. Seizure  of  the  North  Carolina  Forts  and  the  Fayetteville 
Arsenal  by  the  State  troops. 

April  17.  .Virginia  seceded. 

April  18. .  Capture  of  the  steamship  Star  of  the  West  by  Colonel  Van 
Dorn,  C.  S.  A.  " 

April  19.  .The  Baltimore  massacre.  Tbe  citizens  of  Baltimore  attack 
with  missiles  the  Northern  mercenaries  passing  through  their  city,  en 
route  for  the  South.  The  Massachusetts  regiment  fires  on  the  people, 
and  many  are  killed.  Two  mercenaries  are  also  shot.  Great  excitement 
follows,  and  the  Maryland  people  proceed  to  burn  the  railroad  bridges 
and  tear  up  the  tracks. 

April  20.  .Capture  of  tbe  Federal  army  atlndianola,  Texas,  by  Colo- 
nel Van  Doru,  C.  S,  A.     The  Federal  officers  released  on  parole. 

April  20.  .Attempted  destruction  of  Norfolk  Navy  Yard  by  the  Feder- 
al authorities.  The  works  set  on  fire,  and  several  war  ships  scuttled 
and  sunk.  The  Federal  troops  retreat  to  Fortress  Monroe."  The  navy 
yard  subsequently  occupied  by  the  Virginians. 

April  20. .  Harper's  Ferry  evacuated  by  the  Federal  troops  under  Lieu^ 
tenant  Jones,  who  attempts  the  destruction  of  the  Armory  by  fire.  The 
place  occupied  by  Virginia  troops. 

April  28.  .Fort  Smith,  Arkansas,  captured  by  the  Arkansas  troops, 
under  Colonel  Solon  Borland. 

May  3.  .Tennessee  seceded. 

May  C. Arkansas  seceded. 

May  9.  .The  blockade  of  Vireinia  commenced. 

May  10.  .Baltimore  occupied  by  a  large  body  of  Federal  troops  under 
General  B.  F.  Butler. 

May  10-  A  body  of  5,000  Federal  volunteers,  under  Captain  Lyon, 
United  States  Army,  surround  the  encampment  of  800  Missouri  State 
troops,  near  St.  Louis,  and  oblige  them  to  surrender. 

May  10— The  St.  Louis  massacre.  The  German  volunteers  under 
Colonel  Francis  Blair,  jr.,  wantonly  fire  upon  the  people  in  the  streets 
of  St.  Louis,  killing  and  wounding  a  large  number. 

May  10— Blockade  of  Savannah  commenced. 

May  11.  .The  St.  Louis  massacre.  Repetition  of  the  terrible  t'cene  of 
May  10.  The  defenceless  people  again  shot  down.  Thirty-three  citizens 
butchered  in  c^ld  blood. 

May  11.. The  blockade  of  Charleston  harbor  commenced  by  the  U. 
States  steamer  Niagara. 

May  19,  20,    2]..  .Attack  ou  the  Virginia   batteries  at  Sewell's  Point 


(near  Norfolk)  by  the  United  States  Steamer  Monticello,  aided  by  the 
steamer  Minnesota.  The  assailants  driven  off  with  loss.  No  one  hurt 
on  the  Virginia  side. 

May  20  .North  Carolina  seceded. 

May  24.  .Alexandria,  Virginia,  occupied  by  5.000  Federal  troop?,  the 
Virginians  having  retreated.  Killing  of  Colonel  Ellsworth  by  the  he- 
roic Jackson.  '  .       ,.    -c  j 

May  25.  .Hampton,  Virginia,  near  Fortress  Monroe,  taken  by  the  Fed- 
eral troops.    Newport  News  occupied. 

May  27..  New  Orleans  and  Mobile  blockaded. 

May  29.  .President  Devi*  arrives  in  Richmond. 

May31..Fi^ht  at  Fairfax  Court  House  between  a  company  of  U.  S. 
cavalry  and  a  Virginia  company;  the  gallant  Captain  Marr  killed;  sever- 
al Federal  ti  oops  "killed,  wounded,  and  taken  prisoners. 

June  1,  2,  3. .  Engagement  at  Acquia  Creek  between  the  Virginia  bat- 
teries and  the  Uoited  Srates  steamers  Wabash.  Anacosta,  and  Thomas 
Freeborn.     The  enemy  withdrew,   greatlv  damaged. 

June  3.. Battle  of  P'hiilippi,  in  Western  Virginia.  Colonel  Kelley, 
commanding  a  body  of  Federal  troops  and  Virginia  tories.  attacks  an  in- 
ferior force  of  Southerners,  at  Pbillippi,  under  Colonel  Pottei field,  and 
routs  them  Colonel  Kelley  severely  wounded,  and  several  on  both 
sides  reported  killed. 

June  5.  .Fight  at  the  Pig's  Point  Battery,  between  the  Confederate 
troops  and  the  United  Stages  steamer  Harriet  Lane,  resulting  in  the  dis" 
comfiture  of  the  enemv.    The  Hirriet  Lane  badly  hu''ed. 

June  10.  .Battle  of  Great  Bethel,  near  Yorktown,  Va.  Th's  splendid 
victory  was  gained  by  eleven  hundred  North  Carolinians  and  Virginians, 
commanded  by  Colonel  J.  Bankhead  Migruder,  over  four  thousand  five 
hundred  Federal  troops  undtr,  Brigadier  General  Pierce.  The  Federal 
forces  attacked  the  Southern  entrenchments,  and  after  a  fight  ot  four 
hours,  were  driven  back  and  pursued  'o  Hampton.  S 'uth^rn  Iosp, 
one  man  killed  and  seven  wounded.  Federal  loss  believed  ti  be 
several  hundred.  They  confess  lo  thirty  killed  and  one  hundred 
wounded. 

June  r2~Governor  Jackson  of  Missouri,  issues  a  proclamation,  call- 
ing the  peoole  of  that  State  to  arms.  He  commences  to  ooncntrate 
troops  at  Jefferson  City,  burning  the  bridges  on  the  routes  to  St.  Louis 
and  the  East 

June  15.. Harper's  Ferry  evacuated  by  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston 
and  the  Confecerate  tro-ps. 

June  16 . .  Skirmish  at  Vienna.  Virginia,  bf^tween  Colonel  Greeg's  South 
Carolina  Regiment  and  the  Fifth  Ohio  Regiment.  The  enemy  rooted, 
with  a  los8,of  several  killed. 

June  1*3.  .'Fight  near  Leesburg,  Virginia,  Federals  driven  off  by  Colo- 
nel Hutton. 

June  17.  .Another  massacre  in  the  streetri  of  St.  Louis.  The  Federal 
troops  fire  a  volley  into  the  Recorder's  ofhce,  while  in  session,  killing 
many  citizens. 

June  17..Batt!eat  Kansas  City,  between  13,000  Missourians,  under 
Colonel  Kellev,  and  13,000  Federalists.    The  latter  defeated. 

JuDe  18.  .Baiile  of  Boonville,  Mo.  The  Missourians,  under  Govern- 
or Jackson  and  General  Price,  defeated  by  a  superior  body  of  the  eno* 
mv.  ci'mmanded  bv  General  i.y  n. 

June  19.  .Serious  fighr  at  New  C'e^k,  nearRomney,  Virginia  ;  Vaugb- 
an,  with  a  body  of  Virginians  and  Tennesseeans,  routs  a  booy  of  Fed- 
erals, killing  a  number.    No  Confederates  '•illed. 

June  24.. Fight  in  Lancaster  County,  Virginia.  A  force  of  Federal 
marauders  land  on  the  shore  cf  the  James  river  and    commit  depreda- 


8 

dati(Mis.    They  are  driven  off  and  several  killed  by  a  company  of  Vir- 
ginians. 

June  25.. Riots  in  Milwaukee,  (Wisconsin,)  in  consequence cf  the  de« 
preciation  ot  bank  money,  caused  by  the  war. 

June  £6.  .Brilliant affair  near  Romney.  Captains  Richard  and  Turner 
Ashby,  of  the  Fauquier  company,  with  a  handful  of  followers,  cut  to 
piec-s  fifty  or  s'.xty  of  the  entmy  ;  the  Ashby 's  fighting  half  a  dozen 
Hess'ans  each,  at  ihe  same  moment.  Captain  Dick  Ashby  moi  tally 
wounded. 

June  27— Battle  of  Mathias  Point,  Potomac  River,  between  Virginia 
troops  and  h*'  United  States  steamer  Freeborn.  Captain  Ward,  or  the 
Freeborn  killed.  Troops  engaged  on  our  side  were  from  the  Counties 
of  King  George,  Caroline,  and  Westmoreland,  all  native  Virgmians. 
S.  Welford  Corbin,  Lieutenant  C.  S.  Navy,  of  King  George  County,  Vir- 
ginia, was  in  the  engagement. 

June  27.  .Marshal  Kane,  of  Baltimo-^e,  arrested  by  order  of  the  Lincoln 
Government,  and  incarcerated  in  Fort  McHenry. 

Jnne  28.  Skirmisd  near  Alexanaria.  Seigeant  Hanes,  of  Richmond 
killed. 

JuDe.29,  .Extraordinary  exploit  of  Colonel  Thomas,  of  Mary  land;  dis- 
guise^ as  a  French  ladv  he  takes  passage  on  the  steamer  St.  Nicholas, 
from  Baltimore  lo  Washington.  During  the  voyage  he  threw  off  his 
disguise,  and  in  company  with  his  accomplices  seizes  the  steamer  Com- 
ing down  the  Bay  he  captures  the  three  prizes,  and  takes  the  whole  fleet 
into  Fredericksburg  in  triumph. 

July  1 . .  General  Patterson  cresses  the  Potomac  with  the  Federal  ars 
my,  near  Willi^msport. 

July  1.  .Seizure  of  the  Baltimore  Police  Commissioners  by  order  of 
General  Banks.  They  are  confined  in  Fort  McHenry,  and  a"fterwarda 
removed  to  Fort  La  Fayette,  (New  York.) 

JuUj^, .  Blockade  of  "Galveston.  ^Texas)  commenced. 

July  2,  3.. Battle  of  HavnesviUe  on  the  Potomac,  between  General 
Patterson's  army  and  the  Southern  advance  under  Colonel  Jackson. 
After  a  sharp  fight,  the  Confederates  retired. 

July  4.  .Skirmish  near  Ntw's  Port  News.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Dreux, 
of  the  Louisiana  Cadets,  killed  by  the  enemy. 

July  5..  Battle  of  Carthage,  in  Southwestern  Missouri,  between  the 
Miss'^urians  under  Governor  Jackson,  and  the  Federals  under  General 
Seigel.  The  Federalists  badly  defeated.  Colonel  Gratz  Brown,  killed. 
Seigel  retreats  to  Sarcoxie. 

July  7.  .Engagement  at  Acquia  Creek  between  the  Confederate  bat-, 
teries  and  a  United  States  steamer. 

July  7..Engaeement  near  New  Orleans.  A  United  Slates  war 
steamer  driven  off  by  the  batteries  on  Ship  Island. 

July  10.. Brush  at  Hatteras  Inlet,  North  Carolina,  between  the  Con- 
federates and  a  United  States  steamer. 

July  12.. Battle  at  Rich  Mountain,  in  Western  Virginia.  Defeatof 
Col.  Pegram  by  the  Federals  under  General  McClellan.  Retreat  of  Gen- 
eral Garnet, 

July  13.  .Battle  of  St.  George,  in  Western  Virginia  The  Confeder- 
ates routed  and  five  hundred  captured  by  General  McClellan.  General 
Garnet  ki'led. 

July  17.. Battle  of  Scarey  Creek,  on  the  Kanawha,  between  800  Con- 
federates, under  lilcutenant  Colonel  Pattou.  and  8,000  Federals,  under 
Colonel  Low.  Tbe  Federals  defeated,  and  three  of  their  Colonels  taken 
prisoners. 

July  18.  .Battle  of  Bull  Run.    The  Federal  army  attack  the  Confeder- 


ates,  and  after  several  hours  fighting,  are  driven  back  to  Centrevilie,  with 
heavy  loss.    Major  Harrison,  Virginia  Volunteers,  killed. 

July  21.  .Battle  of  Manassas.  Decisive  defeat  of  the  Federal  army, 
under  General  McDowell,  by  the  Confederates,  under  Generals  Johnson 
and  Beauregard.  Confederate.*,  28,000  strong.  The  enemy  55,000  strong, 
fly  panic  Strieker,  to  Washintiton.  Heavy  ,oss  of  nfe  on  both  sides.  Tne 
Confederate  Geu's  JJee  and  Bartow  killed.  Confederate  loss  in  killed 
and  wounded  1,600.  Federal  loss  in  killed,  wounded,  and  missing  and 
deserted  at  least  l.'.OOO. 

July  i'l.  .Capture  of  four  Prizes  off  Cedar  Keys,  Florida,  by  the  Con- 
federate steamer  Madison.  Lieutenant  vSelden,  United  States  Army,  and 
nineteen  sailors  taken  prisoners. 

July  25.  .Battle  Mesilla  (Arizona)  between  ihe  Federal  armv,  and  the 
Confederates  under  Col.  Baylor.  The  Federals  defeateu  and  fly  towards 
Fort  Staunton,  with  a  loss  of  thirty-two  Killed. 

July  28.  .Surrender  of  750  Federal  troops  to  Colonel  Baylor,  Confed- 
erate States  Armv,  at  Fort  Staunton,  Arizona. 

July -30.  .Retreat  of  General  Wise  in  Western  Virgiuia.  lie  reaches 
Gauley  Bridge,  near  Lewisburg,  in  safety. 

August  2.  .General  Magruder  comnionoes  his  march  down  the  YorK. 
Peninsula. 

August  o.  .Engagement  off"  Galves'on  between  the  Confederate  Battery 
and  a  Federal  steamer.    The  latter  threw  several  shells  into  the  city. 

August  7.  .Burning  of  Hampton,  Virginia,  by  order  of  General  Ma- 
gruder. 

August  0,  10.  .Battle  of  Oak  Hill,  Missouri.  This  glorious  victory 
was  gained  by  the  Confederate  troops  under  General  Ben.  McCuUougb, 
over  the  Federal  army  under  General  Lyon.  Each  side  numbered  about 
10,000  men.  Lyon  was  killed,  and  the  Federals  routed,  with  great 
slaughter.       General   Seigel   conducts    the  retreat   towards  Rolla, 

August  15.  .Skirmish  at  Mathias  Point.  A  boat  load  of  Federals 
from  the  United  States  s'eamer  Resolute,  landed  and  were  fired  upon  by 
the  Confederate  troops.     Five  were  killed,  when  they  retreated. 

August  18.  .The  Confederate  Privateer  Jeff"  Davis  went  .ashore  on 
St.  Augustine  bar  and  was  lost. 

August  20 -Fight  at  Hawk's  Nest,  Western  Virginia,  between  Wise  s 
Legion  and  the  Eleventh  Ohio  Keaiment.  The  enemy  fled  after 
losing  50  in  killed  and  wounded.    General  Wise's  loss,  one" man  killed. 

August  25— M  sson's  Hill,  near  Alexandria,  occupied  by  the  Confed-* 
erate  troops. 

August  26— Generul  advance  movement  of  Beauregard's  army  upon 
the  Inderal  lines  on  the  Potomac. 

August  27.. Fight  at  Bailey's  Cross  Roads,  near  Alexandria.  The 
Confederates  rout  a  body  of  the  enemy  and  take  Munson'g  Hill.  Five 
Federals  c&ptured  and  one  killed. 

August  27.  .Battle  of  Cross  Lanes,  in  Western  Virginia,  between  the 
Confederate  forces  under  General  Floyd,  and  the  Seventh  Ohio  R'^tri- 
ment  under  Colonel  Tyler.  The  enemy  terribly  cut  to  pieces,  with 
a  loss  of  2  hundred  killed,  wounded,  and  missing.  Colonel  Tyler  was 
the  first  to  run.    Our  loss,  3  killed. 

August  28,  29— Battle  of  Fort  Hatteras.  The  ConTederate  en- 
trenchments on  Hatteras  Island  attacked  by  the  Federal  fleet  urder 
Commodore  Stringham  and  General  Picayune  Butler.  After  a  bom- 
bardment of  twenty^four  hours,  the  Commander  of  the  Confederates, 
Commodore  Barron,  surrendered,  Tbe  enemy  captured  691  prisont-rs, 
and  carried.them  off  to  New  York.  The  Island  occupied  by  the  Fed- 
eral troops. 

September  2— General  Fremont  issued  a  proclamation  in  St,  Lonis, 
confiscating  the  slaves  of  rebels. 


10 

September  2.  .Skirmish  at  Big  Creek,  on  the  Kanawha.  The  enemv 
driven  back. 

*  September  6.. Advance  of  the  Federals  in  Kentucky.    Paducah  oc«« 
cupied. 

September  7,  .The  Confederates  under  General  Pillow,  occupy' Colum- 
bus, Kentucky. 

September 'lO.. Battle  of  the  Gauley,  at  Carnifax  Ferry,  Western 
Virginia.  Geoera  Rosencranz  attacked  General  Floyd's  position  with 
16,000  men.  Af  er  seve-al  intftectual  attempts  to  carry  it,  he  fell  back, 
baffled  and  dishearttntd.  At  least  150  of  the  enemy"  were  killed  and 
25u  wounded  m  these  vam  fft'uts.  Floyd  had  but  fiye  men  wounded, 
as  his  iorce  was  well  prttec  e^.  At  night,  tearing  that  Rosencranz 
might  cross  and  attack  him  in  the  rear,  Fioyd  retreated. 

September  11— Battle  of  Louisviile,  on  the  Potomac.  Several  regi- 
naenis^  of  Federal  troops  under  Co'onel  Isaac  J.  Stevens,  of  tbe  New 
YorkSeveniy-ninth,  marched  frooa  Chain  Bridge  on  a  reconnoisance. 
They  were  attacked  by  the  Corfederates  under  Colonel  J  E.  B.  Steosrt, 
and  after  a  sharp  fight,  fled  in  Bull  Run  fashion.  Federal  loss  5  killed 
and  9  wounded.    Cmfederate  loss  none. 

September  11.  .Biitle  of  Toney's  Creek,  on  the  Kanawha.  Wise's 
cavalry,  under  Colonel  Clarkson,  defeat  the  enemy,  whose  loss  is  50 
killed  and  wounded;  Claikson  also  took  50  prisoners  and  lost  not'a 
man. 

September  13.. Colonel  John  A.  Washington,  of  Virginia,  killed  in 
a   skirmitih  in  Western  Virginia. 

September  19,.  Battle  ot  Harboursvilie,  in  Kentuckv,  between  800 
Coniederates  under  General  Zolicoffer,  and  1800  Federal's.  The  enemy 
ro  ited  as  usual,  wuh  a  loss  of  50  kiled  and  2  prisoners 

September  28.. Battle  of  Lsxing-on  in  Missouri.  The  Missouri  troops, 
under  General  Price,  havintr  b' suited  the  City  of  Lexington,  at  last 
forced  ibe  enemy,  under  Colonel  Mulligan,  to  surrender.  Our  loss,  in 
tbe  seiies  f  bdttles  around  Lexington,  was  25  killed  and  72  wounded. 
Price  I  o!£  3,500  prisoners,  including  Col.'s  Mulligan,  Marshall,  Reding, 
Whitt^,  Grover,  and  119  other  Cummissioned  officers,  5  pieces  of  artil* 
lery,  2  moi  tars,  750  horses,  $100, 00<'  woitb  of  Commissary  stores,  large 
quantities  of  arms  and  munitions,  and  nther  property.  He  also  recov- 
ered the  great  seal  of  the  State,  aud  the  public  records,  and  $900,000 
in  money. 

September  23,  24,  25— Heavy  skirmishing  on  Sewell  Mountain,  West- 
ern Virginia,  between  Rosencranz  and  Wi>e     Two  Confederates  killed. 

September  25,  26.. Battle  ot  Alanesi,  in  New  Mexico.  Captain  Cop- 
wood,  with  114  Texans,  defeats  a  large  body,  of  United  States  Regu- 
lars, under  Colonel  Roberts,  with  great  slaughter,  Copwood's  loss,  two 
killed, 

September  29.  .Colonel  J.  W  Spalding,   of  Wise's  Legion,  killed, 
while  on   a  scouting  expedition  in  VV'estern  Virginia. 

September  80..  Hopkinsville,  in  Kentucky,  taken  by  General  Buck  ner, 
Confederate  States  Army. 

October  1.  .Capture  of  the  Federal  S  earner  Fanny  in  Albemarle 
S(mnd,  by  the  Confederate  steamer.s  Curlew  and  Raleigh,  Forty-five 
Federals  taken  prisoners,  and  $10(),0u0  worth  of  stores  captured. 

October  2.  .President  Davis  visits  the  Confederate  Army  at  Manas-* 
sas.     Grand  review  of  the  troops 

October  3  -Battle  of  Greenbrier  River,  in  Western  Virginia,  between  '■ 
1,500  Confederates,  under  General  Henry  R  Jackson,  and  3,000  Federal", 
under  Genera!  Rfyn<  Ids.  A!ter  six  hours  battle,  'he  enemy  withdrew, 
leaving  Jacks  tj  .still  master  nt  the  ground.  Jackson'.s  loss,  oO  in 
killed,  \Toanded,  and  missing.    EDem>'s  loss  at  least  250. 


11 

October  5.  .Retreat  of  Kosencranz  from  Sewell  Mountain,  He  fled 
with  his  whole  army  to  the  other  side  of  ihe  Gauley,  twenty  miles  dis- 

OcoberG.The  Chickamacomico  Races,  on  Roanoke  Man^,  North 
Caroliua.  An  entire  Indiana  R-giiuent  chased  twemy  miles  b^  Colonel 
Wright's  Tbirn  Georg-a  Regiment.  Thirty-tw  Federa  prison- rs  and 
valuable  munitions  of  war  ca.  tured.  C  'lo-iel  Wright's  loss,  one  man, 
who  ran  atter  the  enemv  umil  tie  tnll  exha'is'ed.  The  Northern  papers 
claimed  a  magnificent  Federal  victory.     T  ousanr^s  of  rehels  killed 

0  tober  9  Ba  tie  of  r^anta  Rosa  I>land.  n«ar  F.rt  Pickens.  The 
Coufederate-,  under  General  Anderson  ot  Snuti  Carolinn,  m  kes  a  sacs 
ccsslulat'ack  on  Biilv  Wilson's  camp,  rouii"g  the  rowdies  aud  burn- 
ing the  camp.  Billy  ran  (iff  in  bis  shirt.  While  returning  to  Pensa- 
cola,  several  of  the  Con'ederates  were  killed. 

October  12.  .BatUe  of  the  Mississippi  Passes.  Commodore  Hollins, 
witb  his  raut^quito  fleet,  attacker!  and  dispersed  the  Federa"  Squadron 
blockadi  g  the  mou  hs  of  the  Mississippi.  The  schooner  J.  H.  Toone 
and  alauu'ch  cap'iired. 

Octobe'- 15.  .Alter  ocupvi  g  Mapon's  aud  Munsnn  s  Hill  for  seven 
weeks,  in  vain  expect-tion  of  genin?  a  tight  frem  ilcClelian,  the  Cou- 
federaie  army  fnil  back  npoi  Centrevi  le 

Oc'ober  IG.  .Biiiie  of  Bolivar,  ne-*r  Harper's  Ferry.  Colonel  Turner 
AsLby.  with  25U  volunteers  and  800  raw  Virginia  milria,  compleieiy 
routed  l.OOu  Federals,  killing  50  <>r  6t'  an(  taking  12  prisontrs. 

October  21— Figlit  at  Ftedt-rickstnvpn.  Missruri.  JefF  Tbc-mpsnn, 
witb  1,200  Mis.souniLs,  driven  back  by  5,000  FederalK,  with  lo>a  on 
both  sides. 

October  21  — Brilliant  victorv  at  L3esb!irg.  The  enemv,  with  twelve 
Regiments  (T.Ooo  men,)  undei'  G-neral  E  D.  Baker,  crossed  the  Poto- 
mac attacked  the  Co;  federate  army  near  L^esburs,  cnnsis'ing  of 
three  R>  giments  (:■  ,590  nen,)  under  Geceral  Nathan  G.  Evans,  of  South 
CttfoJin..  The  Feaerai-  Were  teiriblv  defeated,  losing  ooO  in  kilied, 
800  in  wounded,  and  72G  in  pri-onerp,  al8«>  4  pieces  of  arnUerv  and 
1,600  stand  ot  arnij*.  General  Baker  was  killed,  and  on  our  t-idt  Co  o^ 
nel  Bun  was  mortally  w<»nnde'1.  Confederate  los.-',  27  killed,  111 
wounded.     Many  of  tbp  enemy  were  los«  in  the  river. 

October  25  General  Frem'jnt,  having  advanced  from  St.  Loui.^,  oc- 
cupies Springfield  Mo. 

October  31..  Resignation  of  General  Winfield  -^coti  as  Generalissimo 
of  the  Lincoln  armv.     He  is  succeeded  by  Gt^neral  McClellan. 

November  2,  3— Great  storm  on  the  Atl.i;i  ic  coast.  Several  of  the 
Lincoln  Armada  losi, 

November  5  -FejQont  removed  from  his  command  in  Virginia,  and 
succeeded  by  Hunter.  The  latter  immediately  orders  a  retreat  to  St. 
Louis. 

November  G— Battle  of  Belmont  on  the  Mississippi  river.  The  ene» 
my  under  General  Orant,  lu,0ii0  strong,  attacked  Geceral  Pillow,  at 
Belmont,  opposite  Columbus,  Kentucky.  A  dreadful  carnage  on  bo'h 
sides  ensued,  and  Pill  w  was  being  rapidly  overpowered,  when  he  was 
reiniorced  by  General  Polk.  Tue  er  my  beaten,  fled  up  «he  ri^er  until 
night  cicsed  toe  pu»-suit.     Contederate  loss,  585,     Federal  lo.«s  1.200 

November  7 — Battle  of  Por'  Royal,  on  tr  e  South  Carolina  coast  The 
sand  Forts  in  l  on  Royal  harb<>r  attacked  by  a  largf  federal  fl.  c,  un^ 
der  Commodore  Dupont  and  General  Sritrman.  After  a  fur  lous  can- 
nonade, the  shot  and  shell  from  tbe  fleet  falliru  like  bail,  the  biave  de- 
fenders retreated.  Small  loss  on  both  sides.  The  enemy  landed  12,000 
troops  immediately,  and  occupied  ♦hedesert?d  Forts. 


13 

November  7.  .Urbanna,  on  the  Rappahaunock,  shelled  by  the  Feder- 

November  8.  .B-iveral  bridges  on  the  Tennessee  and  Virginia  Rail 
Koad  burned  bj  the  East  Tennessee  tories. 

November  8  -Battle  ot  Piketon,  in  Kentucky.  The  enemy  repulsed, 
with  a  very  heavy  loss. 

November  8.. Seizure  of  Messrs.  Mason  and  Slidell,  on  board  the 
British  steamer  Trent,  hy  Captain  Wilkes,  of  the  United  States  steamer 
ban  Jacinto. 

November  8.  .Missouri  added  to  the  Southern  Confederacy. 

Noveinber  9..Fightat  Guyandotte,  on  the  Ohio  rivei,  Western  Virs 
ginia.  Colonel  Clarkson,  with  the  cavalry  made  a  gallant  dash  into  the 
town,  slaughtered  40  Federals,  wounded  50,  and  took  98  prisonenj,  los^ 
ing  only  two  men  himself. 

November  14  General  Floyd  retreated  from  Cotton  Hill,  on  the  Ka- 
cawba.     Colonel  St.  George  Croghan  killed. 

xNovember  15— Arrival  of  Mpssrs.  Mason  and  Slidell  at  Fortress 
Monroe,    m   charge   of    Captain     Wilkes.    They    are   sent    to    Fort 

November  IG.. Capture  of  SOFederals  near  Upton  tlill  (Potomac)  by 
Aiajor  Martin,  of  th-  Natchez  Cavalry.      Several  Federals  are  killed. 

iNovember  IS-Occupation  cf  the  Eastern  shore  of  Virginia,  by  the 
federal  troops  under  General  Lockwood. 

iNovember  IS.. Skirmish  near  Falls  Church,  between  the  Virginia 
J^avalry,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Lee,  and  a  body  of  the  Federal  Cavalry. 
it)e enemy  routed  with  a  loss  of  7  killed  and  10  captured.  Onr  loss,  1 
Kmtd  and  2  captured. 

November  22.  23 -Bombardment  near  Pensacola.  Fort  Pickens, 
opens  hre  upon  General  Bragg's  batteries.  Bragp-  responds,  and  a  can- 
nonade of  two  days  follows.  The  Federal  vessels  engaging  in  the 
ngnt  driven  ofl' badly  damaged,  Warrenton  partially  burned  by  the 
Shells  from  Fi.rt  Pickens.  Finally  Colonel  Brown,  tioding  his  etfoi Is 
Jutile,  ceases  his  fire.  Jn  his  official  report  he  gives  his  loss  1  killed 
r'n^^'u*^^''  ^'^^eral  were  killed  on  the  fleet.  Bragg's  loss,  one  man 
killed  by  tbe>nemy's  fire,  several  wounded. 

November  24- Occupation  of  Tybee  Island  by  the  Federals. 

iSovember  26— Cavalry  fight  near  Vienna  (Potomac)  between  the 
enemy  and  Colonel  Ransom's  North  Carohna  Cavalry.  Many  of  the 
enemy  killed  and  2(3  captured.  One  Federal  regimentVan,  the  othcers 
leading.    Ransom's  loss,  none. 

December  2.  .Skirmish  at  Anandale,  Potomac.  Colonel  C.  W-  Field's' 
Sixth  Regiment  Virginia  Cavalry,  kills  four  and  captures  fifteen  of 
the  enemy.    Field's  loss,  two. 

December  3— Battle  of  Dranesville,  near  the  Potomac.  General 
Steuurt  has  an  engagement  with  a  superior  body  of  the  enemy,  and  af- 
ter a  hard  fight  is  forced  to  letreat,  with  a  loss  of  over  200  killed, 
wounded,  and  missing.    The  enemy's  loss  even  greater. 

December  jo. .  Kentucky  added  to  the  Southern  Confederacy. 
^  December  IG-  Battle  of  the    Alleghany,  in  Western  Virginia.    The 
Confederate  armv,  1,200  strong,    under  Colonel  Edward  Johnson,  was 
attacked  by  5,000  Federal  troops.     The    latter  were  gallantly  repulsed 
after  seven  hours  fighting. 

December  17.  .General  T.J.Jackson  destroys  dam  No.  5  on  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  thus  cutting  off  cana)  communication  be- 
tween Washington  and  the  West 

December  17.. Battle  or  Woodsonville,  in  Kentucky.  A  large  body 
of  the  enemy  attack  General  Ilindman,  who  had  1,1100  infantry  and  40 


13 


nd- 


pieces  of  ailillerv,  but  were  defeated  with  loss  of  75  killed  and  wou 
ed.    Tbe  Confederaies  lost  the  gallant  Cclonel  Terry,  of  Texas. 

December  2G— Seward  surrenders  Mason  and  Shdell,  by  letter,  to 
Lord  Lyons,  'he  British  Minister.  ^_     ., 

December*26-Battle  of  Opothleyoholo,  in  the  Indian  Territory,  7o  miles 
Northwest  oV  Fcrt  Gibson,  between  Colonel  James  M.  Mcintosh  with 
four  regiments,  and  the  Indian  Allies  of  the  Federal  Government  under 
their  Cuief,  Opothlejoholo.  Two  hundred  of  the  enemy  killed  and 
wounded,  and  lUO  taken  prisoners  ;  100  horses  captured.  Confederate 
loss  12  killed  and  20  wounded.     Opothleyoholo  fled  to  kansas. 

December  2S-Exploit  in  Hampton  Roads  of  the  Confederate  steamer 
Seabird,  under  Captain  Lynch,  who  attacks  the  Federal  sieamer  Express, 
having  the  Schooner  Sherwood  in  tow  and  after  a  fierce  fight,  in  wh  cb 
the  Federal  Batteries  at  the  Rip  Raps  take  a  part,  succeeds  in  driving  on 
the  Express  and  capturing  the  schooner,  taking  her  into  Norfolk  in  tri  - 

December  28— Fight  at  Sacramento,  near  Green  river,  in  Kentucky , 
between  a  detachment  of  Colonel  Forrest's  cavalry  and  the  enemy,  who 
were  routed  after  a  fight  of  half  an  hour.  Confederate  loss,  2  kiHedi 
1     wounded.     Federal  loss  10  killed,  20  wounded,  IS   prisoners. 

STATEMENT   OF  THE 

KILLED,  WOUNDED,  AND  CAPTUKED, 

IN  THE  SEVERAL  BATTLES  AND  OTHER  ENGAGEMENTS,  IN  THE 
YEAR  ISGl. 
The  following  table  exhibits  an  approximation  to  the  losses  of  both 
parlies  by  the  several  engagements  during  the  year.  The  Confederate 
losses  are  compiled  from  the  oQiical  reports  of  the  commanding  officers, 
(when  such  reports  were  published.)  Of  course,  we  can  only  guess  at 
the  loss  of  the  enemy.  The  Northern  papers  seldom  publish  Ihe  offi- 
cial reports  of  the  Federal  General?,  and  the  latter  have  generally 
proved  themselves  such  monstrous  falsifiers,  that  but  little  confis 
dence  can  be  placed  in  their  reports  when  they  are  published.  For  in- 
stance, Picayune  Butler  stated  his  loss  at  Bethel  at  about  thirty,  when 
It  is  a  notorious  fact  that  one  small  s(juad  of  Magruder's  men  alone  buried 
ihirt3--two  Federal  bodies  after  tbe  battle.  In  estimating  tbe  Federal 
losses,  we  have  adopted  the  opinions  of  the  Confederate  officers  cora« 
manding,  who  are  gentlemen,  and  upon  whose  statements  perfect  rcli 
ancc  may  be  placed : 


Federal    Sxiccesses. 


o 

Cfl 

c.    c 

(^ 

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H- 

» 

g 

&   g 

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2 

— 

s:?^;?- 

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o 

.-5 

^S 

§^ 

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C 

^  » 

:     !!=• 

C- 

rluiic    SIPhilHppa ■  7 

•Tune  18  BoonviUe I  4 

•fuly  12  Rich  Mouutain 4.5 

.Tulyl^iSt   George 13 

Ausr.  23  Hatttrai?    12 

Oct,    21'Frederickstown 00 

Nov.    71  Fort  Royal 12 

V>ec.    alDranesville 43 


Toti.'. 


Vo6\  278  1219      85    20' 


15,. 

50  , 
lOi. 
OOl. 
ori. 
23  . 
100  . 


14 


Oonfederate    Successes. 


FCD. 

Mar.  U' 

Apri!  lo 
ApilIlS 
Apr.120 
May  19 
At  ay  3i 
June  } 
June  6 
Ju  .e  ifi 
June  15 
June  17 
June  19 
Juoe  2i; 
June  27 
July     2 

July    5|'0  rthaije 

July  17  Sciirey  Oreek 

July  18  Bull  Run 

Julv  21   Mun;  ssas 

Ju  y  2n   vlesilla 

July  28  t"''>rt     taun  on 

AUK"  10  tiprasfleld 

Aug.  15  Mathi  8   To  nt 

A  >;.  20  FJawk's  N.  st 

Aug.  27  Ba  ly's  Cross  Ko:;  ds 

Cress  Lan  s 

Bit  Creek 


IbiSan  Antonio 

Fort  Brown 

'^'ort  Sumter 

FortBlias .*. 

Indianola 

8eweU's  P'>int 

Fairfax  C  urt  House. 

AcquiH-  Creek 

P  g^s  Pont 

Great.  B  ihel 

Vie  n' 

K  msa-  Cltv 

New  Creek 

Romney 

MatUii  s  Point 

Hiynasvili,. 


Aug.  27 
sept.  8 
SenL.  '" 


10 
11 
Sspt.  11 
fcept  19 
Sept.  20 
26 


Sept 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Nov 

N(,v 

Nov 

Nov 

Nov 

Nov    22 

Nor    26 

Dec 

Dec 

Dec 

Dec 

Dec 


Gauley. 

Lewhjsville 

Tonty's  Creek 

Barboursvllle 

Lex  UK  un 

Aiamesa 

Steam e    F^nny... 

Gree  brier , 

('bickam  comico., 

Santii  Kosa 

MsslseipjiPasots. 

B.llva 

I  eesburg 

Beimoiit 

Pketon 

Gu  aiid.  tte 

Upton  Hill 

Falls  ClJUicb 

Peisacola 

Near  Vienna 

AnaDdaie 

Alleghanv 

WoodsonvUIe 

Opetheyoholo 

Sacramento 


00 


Q. 

3 


Total. 


00 
00 
2 
00 
Off  80 
00  75 
00   10 


00 
00 
00 
00 
(0 

6 
CO 

00 
150 
6(1 
60 

3 
16 

6 
6i 

m 

60 

20" 

lOtO 

10 

00 

1001' 

00 

20 

1 

50 

2 

150 

5 

20 

50 

89 

30 

00 

100 

00 

20 

00 

16 

600 

400 

219 

40 

6 

7 

10 

IC 

4 

100 


00 

loo 

60O 
00 
4 
00 
00 
00 
00 

ro 

00 

00 
00 
■8 
00 
00 
20 


2500  ICOO 
25  00 
00  j  7.">0 

1200  300 


999  8067  288  4?25  761418177 


00 
CO 

6 
100 
00 
CO 

6 
5-> 

2 

3500 
00 
45 
00 
3^ 
17 
00 
12 
720 
2t'0 
00 
98 
SO 
10 

on 

20 
15 
00 

8 
100 

18 


H  ecapitixlatioii . 

Confedeiate  loss. 

Killed 1185 

Wounded 8845 

Prlaonera 1487 


Fedfial  loss 
4911 


817'- 


Total. 


.5907 


£0,9C'J 


15 

That  we  have  not  overrated  the  Federal's  loss  is  proved  bjthe  follow- 
ing extract  from  the  Washington  correspondence  of  the  New  York 
Times,  of  a  late  date: 

"  By  returns  of  the  War  Department  up  to  the  liOth  December,  I  I«aru 
that  the  mortality  in  our  army  since  the  war  broke  out  will  reach  22,000. 
The  number  killed  in  buttle,  skirm.shes,  &c.,  is  about  ll.OOii,  the  number 
wounded  17,0'>0.  The  number  of  prisoners  in  the  South  and  deserters 
amount  to  6.000." 

If  we  had  the  means  of  ascertaining  the  Federal  losses  by  the  numer- 
ous smaller  engagements,  picket  skirmishes,  Ac,  during  the  year,  we 
might  easily  carry  the  number  of  killed  and  wounded  up  to  the  figures 
indicated  in  the  New  York  Times. 

OXJI^HEnSTT    E-VEITTS. 

An  exchange  paper  contains  the  following  curious  statistics  of  North- 
ern bankruptcy  during  the  last  five  years  : 

1857.  — 4.2.=i7  failures   for ^265  818,000 

1858.— 3,11s        "  73,608,747 

18.59.-1,940         "  51,314,000 

1860.-1,738        "  61,739.474 

1861.— O.U35        "  176  632,170 

Five  years  1 6,083  f  229,1 12,391 

The  picture  of  individual  morals  presented  by  these  figures  is  a  dans 
gerous  one  to  the  Yankee  character.  We  hardly  suppose  that  the  re  • 
trospect  of  British  and  Scottish  history  for  fifiy  years,  would  present  as 
largw  an  amount  of  bankruptcy,  or  half  the  number  of  failures.  We 
doubt  if  the  whole  history  of  the  Sou  h,  since  aoe  had  a  business  to 
conduct,  would  reveal  aggregates  approximaiicg  the  failures  in  the  North 
for  the  pas*  live   years. 

This,  however,  is  a  mere  drop  in  the  bucket,  compared  to  the  general 
rum  and  bankruptcy  which  is  about  to  overwhelm  that  swaggering  na- 
tion. Their  attempt  to  subjugate  the  South  has  plunged  them  into  the 
vortex  of  eternal  ruin— already  the  war  debt  amount  to  within  a  frac- 
tion of  1,000,000,000  of  dollars,  and  scarce  a  year  has  elapsed  since  hos- 
tilities commenced;  this  is  independent  of  the  above  mentioned  failures, 
general  loss  of  foreign  trade,  and  stagnation  of  business  among  them- 
selves. Lei  us  read  in  the  following  of  what  their  own  organs  say  upon 
the  subject. 

NOTES   OF   THE    WAR. 

Financial  Straits  of  thb  North. — The  following  is  from  the  money 
article  of  the  Philadelphia  Ledger,  of  the  27th  ult : 

"  The  truth  is.  our  dfficulties  are  daily  more  and  more  complicated. 
Congress  is,  by  no  mean.s,  a  unit  on  the"  scheme  reported  by  the  Com- 
mittee of  Ways  and  Means,  and  there  is  even  more  diversity  of  opinion 
as  to  the  tax  bills.  Thinking  men  are  begining  to  stand  aghast  at  the 
monstrous  proportions  of  the  debt  that  is  accumulating,  and  the  finan- 
ciers are  at  their  wits'  ends  to  devise  ways  and  means  to  meet  the  in^ 
terest,  gome  forty  or    fifty  millions  of  which  will  soon  be  due,  saying 


16 

DotLing  about  the  lef?itimate  demands  that  are  rolling  up  in  huge  to1» 
ume  against  the  Government.  With  an  almost  total  cegsation  of  emi- 
gration, with  agriculture  and  every  other  branch  of  industry  in  the  conn  < 
iry  diminishing,  commerce  languishing,  trade  broken  up  on  our  frons 
tier,  the  loss  of  the  Southern  mar  kets,  no  chance  of  extending  our  Indus-* 
try  andcouimerce  with  Mexico  or  any  other  part  of  the  world,  in  fact, 
It  may  well  tax  the  financial  ability  of  the  country  to  manage  a  debt 
which  will  soon  exceed  11,000,000,000." 


In  the  following  will  be  seen  still  more  proof  of  the  extent  of  the  diss 
aster  that  has  befallen  the  incredulous  Yankees.  They  are  beginning 
to  realize  the  importance  and  magnitude  of  the  struggle  they  have 
commenced.  It  is,  however,  but  a  forelast*^  of  what  is  in  store  for  them 
in  the  future : 

"  The  Laughing  Stock  of  all  Europe,  the  Standing  Joke,"  etg. — 
After  a  dolorous  account  of  their  "  disasters  and  loss  of  prestige  on 
land,"  the  New  York  Herali,  of  the  19th  of  October  or  November,  thus 
forcibly  and,  "mirabile  diUu,"  truthfully  sums  up  what  has  happened 
on  the  element  on  which  the  people  of  the  United  States  were'accus- 
tomed  to  pride  themselves  for  their  supretnacy, 

"  Some  fifteen  or  twenty  privateers  have  been  permitted  to  issue  from 
the  ports  of  the  enemy  to  se-ze,  sink,  burn,  destroy,  and  plunder  our 
dhips  along  the  Atlantic  coast,  from  Maine  to  Texas— indeed,  from 
Maine  to  the  Straits  of  Megellan.  In  the  West  Indies,  in  the  Gulf,  uni» 
der  the  very  guns  of  our  forts  and  men-of  war,  and  in  the  waters  of 
South  America,  they  have  carried  on  their  depredations  with  impuni- 
ty. Some  fifty  of  our  merchant  ships  have  been  captured.  Our  com- 
merce is  cut  up,  foreign,  and  even  American  merchant?,  refu?e'.to  ship 
goods  in  American  bottoms.  Our  cargoes  and  Vtsse'.s  cannot  ba  insured 
except  at  ruinous  rates.  The  blockade  is  the  laugning  stock  of  all  Eu- 
rope, the  standing  joke  of  the  enterprising  skippers  from  the  British 
piovinccs  who  are  continually  running  it  and  selling  their  turpentine 
and  cotton  in  Boston,  and  the  source  of  infinite  merriment  to  the  rebel 
cheif  and  their  organs  throughout  the  world.  To  the  ship  owners  and 
merchants  of  the  loyal  States,  it  is  no  joke,  and  we  fear  the  time  is  not 
distant  when  it  may  prove  a  tragedy  to  us  all  by  tempting  the  inter- 
vention of  foreign  nations,  which  we  must  repel  at  any  risk  and  any 
sacrifice  of  treasure  and  of  blood." 


What  the  North  has  Lost.— The  New  York  World  is  urging  the 
immediate  passage  ofatax  bill  to  enable  the  suspended  banks  to  resume 
specie  payment,  and  bring  Government  demand  notes  up  to  par.  In  its 
issue  of  the  10th  inst.,  it  says: 

*'  In  New  York  city  to-day,  gold  is  selling  at  five  per  cent,  premium, 
which  means  that  the  paper  currency  of  the  country,  or  Government 
demand  notes,  are  depreciated  five  per  cent,  compared  with  real  mo- 
ney or  gold.  This  alteration  of  five  per  cent.,  in  the  price  of  paper 
notes,  has  taken  place  within  a  week,  and  this  means  neither  more 
nor  less,  than  that  in  that  short  space  of  time  the  price  of  eleven 
thousand  mil'ions  •f  property  in  the  loyal  States  has  changed  five  per 
cent.,  or  $550,000,000,  and  fifteen  hundred  millions  of  railway  bonds, 
stocks,  mortgages,  etc.,  are  also  changed  $75,000,000,  making  $625,000,- 
000  alteration  in  the  prices  of  these    two  iteins  of  national  wealth  in 


17 

the  course  of  a  few  dajs,  owing  entirely  to  the  vicioa*  sjatem  of  na- 
tional policy  proposed  to  Congress,  and  the  want  c.f  $200,000,000  or 
$250,000,000  annual  revenue  from  taxation  to  support  the  Government 
credit. 


The  Efiect  of  the  Dissolution  of  tue  Union  upon  the  Nobth. — We 
tjnd,  in  the  Chicago  Tribune,  the  leading  Abolition  paper  of  the 
North-weit.  a  startling  but  not  overdrawn  contrast  between  the  former 
prosperity  of  the  North,  when  supported  by  the  statesmanship  and 
wealth  ot  the  South,  and  the  ruin  which  has  now  so  completely  en- 
gulphed  the  "  Yankee  Nation  :" 

"But  a  year  ago,"  it  asserts,  "  our  people,  from  Maine  to  Georgia, 
were  in  actual  enjoyment  of  more  of  the  blessings  and  haopiness  at- 
tendant upon  a  state  of  peace  and  tae  operations  of  a  Government 
based  upon  the  loyalty  and  patriotism  of  the  citizens,  than  ever  fell  to 
the  lot  of  any  nation.  Our  national  debt  was  small  and  our  taxes  light. 
Our  commerce,  internal  and  external,  was  nowhere  exceeded.  At  home 
every  branch  ot  industry  was  prosperous,  and  abroad  we  were  re- 
spected and  feared  in  ever-  quarter  of  the  globe.  No  nation  could  in- 
sult us,  and  our  friendship  was  sought,  and  an  alliance  with  us  courted 
by  all. 

"  In  the  short  space  of  a  twelve  months  this  glorious  picture,  so  full 
of  peace,  prosperity  and  happiness,  has  become  dimmed  and  stained 
with  national  disaster  and  depredations.  Now,  we  are  realizing  aU  the 
dread  agonies  of  a  civil  war.  Financial  bankruptcy  stares  us  in  the 
face.  Our  national  debt  is  counted  by  hundrefe's  ct  millions.  Taxes 
more  onerous  and  oppressive  than  was  imposed  on  a  free  people  are 
being  assessed  against  us.  Our  commerce  is  preyed  upon  by  the  pi-, 
ratical  privateers  of  the  rebels  and  traitors,  and  wor^e,  far  worse, 
than  all,  we  are  becom.ng  a  by-word  and  a  reoroach  among  the  na- 
tions of  the  earth.  Our  great  hereditary  enemy  dares  to  insult  us,  and 
we  tremblingly  await  each  foreign  arrival  to  learn  the  extent  of  our 
humiliation. 


[From  the  New  Orleans  Culletin,  May,  ISGl.] 
An  Appeal  to  Raise  Bread  Stuffs.— A  wise  man  may  learn  not  only 
from  a  fool,  but  from  his  enemy,  and  nations  may  act  upon  and  derive 
benefit  from  the  same  principle.  With  this  object  in  view,  we  give  be^ 
low  an  appeal  to  Northern  and  Western  'armers,  from  the  pen  of  one 
of  them  who  evidently  sees  breakers  ahead  of  the  section,'to  "  piani 
Corn."  Our  planters  and  small  farmers  may  every  where  uenetit  by 
it,  and  we  trust  they  will.  Th  y  hardly  realize  the  advantage  they  pos- 
sess over  the  North  in  producing  breadtsufld.  There  the  farmers  can 
make  bui  a  single  crop  of  anvthing  upon  the  same  ground,  and  it 
must  all  be  planted  within  a  given,  and  very  brief  period,  or  the  early 
frosts  will  kill  it.  How  different  with  the  agriculturists  of  the  South! 
They  iray  plant  some  kind  of  food-producing  crops  during  almost  any 
month  of  the  year. 

Hitherto,  verj  little  attention,  comparatively,  has  been  given  to  this 
subject,  planters  dep::'nding  in  many  instances,  almost  entirely  upon  the 
West  for  their  provisions,  and  others  to  a  greater  or  less  extent.  All 
this,  however,  must  now  be  changed,  and  the  Southern  States  must 
rely  wholly  upon  themselves  for  their  food.  Fortunately,  they  have 
all  the  means  to  be  desired  at    their  own  disposal.    They   have  only  to 


18 

put  forth  their  hands  and  plant,  and  eat  and  live.  They  have  the  acres, 
the  genial  climate,  and  the  labor  necessary  to  the  production  of  almost 
every  kind  of  corn,  grain,  vegetable,  and  fruit  that  enters  into  the  com" 
position  of  numaa  food.  Let  the  people  be  alive  to  the  great  tacf,  and 
avail  themselves  of  their  advantages.  Let  them  plant,  plant,  plant. — 
Their  soil,  though  not  inexhaustible,  is  rich,  and  may  be  made  richer 
by  care  and  industry.  Plow  up  the  old  fields,  and  plo  v  deep,  the  deep* 
er  the  better,  and  plant  corn,  potatoes,  beans,  peas,  etc.,  and  see  by  a 
proper  variation  of  the  kinds  of  seed,  a  succession  of  crops  is  produced. 
Any  quantity  of  white  potatoes  can  be  grown  so  as  to  mature  in  the  fall 
—a  circumstance  whose  importance  has  been  overlooked  hitherto.  Late 
corn  may  also  be  planted,  as  well  as  sweet  potatoes,  a  mo»t  valaable 
root.  But  listen  to  the  following  importunate  earnest,  and  touching 
cry,  though  tinged  with  the  prevailing  fanaticism,  to  "  plant  corn,'' 
addresssed  to  Northern  farmers,  or  rather  to  their  wives  and  children, 
by  an  agricultural  journal,  and  then  let  all  of  our  planters  and  farmers 
protit  by  the  appeal. 

"  Plant  Corn." — It  is  the  duty  of  those  who  take  arms  in  their  bands 
to  drive  back  the  foe,  to  provide  for  that  danger.  It  is  the  duty  of 
those  who  stay  at  home  to  provide  against  the  danger  of  short  crops. 
In  short  to  provide  that  they  are  as  abundant  as  industrious  labor, 
judiciously  and  economically  directed,  can  possibly  eflfect.  To  do 
this,  we  must  begin  now.  Now  is  the  seedtime,  let  us  do  our  duty, 
and  trust  God  for  the  harvest.  Brother  farmers,  we  urge  you  to  plant 
corn.    Plow  deep,  manure  v/ell,  and  plant  corn. 

American  mothers,  wives,  and  daughters  of  American  soldiers,  we 
urga  you  to  plant  corn. 

What  if  every  woman,  who  has  the  ability,  shall  plant  and  tend  one 
well-fertilized  hill  of  corn? 

Who  can  imagine  the  vast  addition  all  the  golden  ears  grown  upon 
these  extra  stalks  would  make  to  the  great  national  store? 

What  it  thev  were  all  garneied  in  one  garner,  and  added  to  the  widows 
and  orphans  fund? 

Thint  of  this,  mothers,  wives  and  daughters.  Think  what  vou  can 
do  with  such  a  trifling  addition  to  your  other  labors  as  planting  one 
hill  of  corn. 

"Only  three  grains  of  corn,  mother,"  let  every  child  cry,  in  all  the 
month  of  May,  and  plant  it,  and  then  follow  the  Scriptural  injunction. 
'•  Dig  about  It  and  dung  it,  until  it  grows  and  bears  ilruit." 

Ihe  waste  bones  of  a  single  dinner,  burned  and  pulverized,  will 
more  than  fertilize  a  hill  of  corn.  Tbe  sweepings,  the  slops,  the  pieces 
of  a  small  family,  mixed  in  a  tub,  aud  care  ully  applied  as  a  liquid 
manure,  would  fertilize  a  hundred  hills  of  corn;  aye,  more,  would  add 
a  hundred  bushels  to  the  crop.  Then  plant  "  three  grains  of  corn."— 
Dig  the  soil  deep  and  mellow.  Soak  the  seed  to  hasten  its  vegetation. 
Keep  the  ground  free  of  weeds,  and  the  surface  loose,  and  moi^tand 
rich.  Dig  in  the  early  morning  dew.  There  is  no  better  fertilizer.  If 
you  plant  the  right  kind,  three  grains  will  produce  six  ears,  and  each 
of  these  will  have  a  hundred  grains. 

Men,  women  and  children— all  who  love  vour  country—all  who  have 
a  single  sup^ificial  foot  of  the  surface  of  the  country — we  ask  you  to 
plant  one  hill  of  corn.  Thus  you  can  save  your  country  in  its  hour  of 
peril.  You  can,  with  your  feeble  hands  alone,  provide  a  surplus  of 
grail.  Seeing  your  spirit,  your  strong  handed  relatives  will  be  ani-« 
mated  to  renewed  and  greater  exertion,  and  each  and  all  throughout  all 
the  corn-growing  region  of  States,  unpolluted  with  slavery,  will  plant 
one  more  hill  of  corn." 


19 

To  carry  on  this  fanatical  and  bratal  war,  which  demagogues  have 
inaugurated  against  the  South,  the  wives  &nd  children  of  Northern  and 
Western  farmers  are  thus  adjured  to  go  out  into  the  fields  and  toil,  to 
plant  "  one  hill  of  corn."  This  shows  to  what  terrible  straits  the  dema- 
gogues feel  they  have  reduced  their  section  of  the  country.  To  ward  off 
a  famine,  actual  starvation,  they  appeal  to  women  and  children  to  turn 
themselves  into  workmen,  and  dig  and  sweat,  that  the  politicians  may 
enjoy  office  and  cormorants  fatten  upon  the  common  miseries.  For 
this,  there  will  come  a  reckoning  day;  but  let  us  inaugurate  the  policy 
of  entire  home  independence  in  the  department  ot  breadstuffs  when 
it  can  he  so  easil?  done,  with  work  comparatively  so  light,  and  bar-* 
vests  80  sure,  so  abundant,  and   so  important. 

Vast  amounts  of  fertilizers  might  be  saved  upon  every  plantation  by 
the  requisite  pains  and  forethought,  and  turned  to  tbe  enriching  of 
the  soil,  and  ithe  consequent  incrcise  of  crops.  Millions  of  dollars  are 
every  year  lost  to  the  South  in  this  way— from  sheer  neglect  and  im- 
providence. We  trust  to  see  a  speedy  reform  in  tbis  respect,  and  a 
great  increase  of  all  kinds  of  cereals,  fruits,  and  vegetables,  as  the 
uatural  result  of  it.  Less  cotton  and  more  food  should  be  the  motto, 
till  the  end   of  the  war,  whether  it  be  one  year  or  ten. 

Fruits  will  soon  be  ripe,  and  many  a  patriotic  housewife  in  the  South 
may  make  all  her  pin  money  by  putting  them  up  in  hermetrically  sealed 
cans  for  the  New  Orleans  and  other  markets. 


No  Dependence  Upon  India.— All  further  speculation  as  to  the  com> 
petition  of  India  with  us  in  the  production  of  cotton  will  cease  upon  t'he 
general  diffusion  of  the  following  article  from  the  Calcutta  English- 
man, certainly  an  authority  that  ought  to  know  : 

"The  following  table  shows  the  expense  of  cultivating  an  acre  of 
land  with  cotton  in  the  Raichore  Doab,  the  yield  of  which  will  be  240 
pounds,  or,  when  cleansed,  70  pounds: 

Government  land  tax £0  5    0 

Cost  of  preparing    land 0  3    0 

WeediDg 0  10 

Cost  20  pounds  seed 0  4    0 

Sowing  with  drill 0  2    0 

Picking  the   cotton 0  10 

Cleaning  the  cotton 0  18 

Carriage  to  support 0  4    8 

Freight  of,  £3  10s.  per  ton 0  2    0 

Screwing,  bailing,  &c 0  Oil 

,♦  £1     Ho 

Commission  at  2>^  per  cent.,  7>2d 0    0    0 

Brokerage  at  i<j  per    cent.,  IJ^a ^ 0    0    0 

Tota' £1     5    7 

or  neariy  -l^^^d.  per  pound,  exclusive  of  any  profit  whatever,  either  in 
the  culuvator  or  shipper.  It  is  thus  clearly  perceptible  that  the  pre- 
sent price  of  Indian  corn  in  the  Liverpool  market  is  not  sufficient  to 
induce  any  increase  in  the  cultivation  ;  the  more  so,  as  the  charges  here 
given  are"  irrespective  of  the  thousand  and  one  demands  made  of  the 
trade  by  every  native  agent  through  whose  nands  it  passes.  It  must 
be,  moreover,  oorne  in  mind,  that  any  new  lands  taken  under  cultiva- 
tion would  entail  great  expenses  on  the  ryot,    The  clearing,  levelling, 


30 

and  preparing  the  land  would  ecararcely  be  done  under  £i  10s.  an  acre, 
and  the  subsequent  weedings  and  hoeings,  without  which  the  plants 
would  not  thrive  in  a  newly  turned  soil,  would  increase  the  cultivator's 
outlay  by  at  least  another  pound  sterling.  It  is,  therefore,  evident  that 
without  some  more  sure  aud  substantial  prospect  of  remuneration,  there 
can  be  little  prospect  of  the  ryots  being  induced  to  enter  largely  into 
the  cultivation  of  new  lands  ;  though  they  may  cultivate  more  of  their 
old  lands  with  cotton.  But  this  cannot  and  will  not  be  sufficient;  and 
unless  Manchester  is  prepared  to  raise  the  price  of  Indian  grown  cotton 
near  to  taat  now  being  paid  for  the  produce  of  American  slave  labor, 
there  is,  we  fear,  but  a  poor  prospect  of  any  very  great  increase  of  the 
cetton  lands  now  existing. 

The  Confederate  States  of  America  have,  as  yet,  no  rival  to  contend 
with  for  the  production  of  cotton.  Our  cotton  is  yet  King  of  Com- 
merce, and  the  Southern  Confederacy  will,  erelong,  be  the  pride  of  the 
world. 


May  22, 1862. 

HowTHE  **  Contrabands"  Treat  the  "  Doodles, "~A  few  nighla  ago,  a 
negro  entered  the  Quartermaster's  oflBce  in  Staunton,  tipped  his  wool 
and  said:  ''Mar's  Arman — here  a  prisoner."  ''Where  d'd  you  get 
him?"  "Massasent  him,  and  tele  me  to  see  him  shot  up  safe,  and  the 
key  turned  on  him."  "  Well,  Sambo— as  you  have  brought  him  safely 
80  far— take  him  over  to  the  jail  and  see  him  locked  up."  "Thankee, 
massa — come  along,  Yankee;"  and  he  proudly  marched  off  his  prisoner 
to  the  jail.— [Richmond  Whig. 

Lessons  of  Encouragement. — History,  if  it  teaches  anything,  teaches 
and  proves  conclusively  that  a  brave  and  united  people,  determined  on 
independence,  can  never  be  subjugated.  A  correspondent  very  appo- 
sitely cites  some  instances  as  follows : 

Think  of  the  men  of  the  Revolution ;  when  the  entire  South  was  over- 
run by  the  British  and  Tories  !  Think  of  our  frontiers  then  exposed  to 
the  scalping  knife  of  the  savage!  Yet  we  triumphed  in  the  end.  Think 
of  the  last  war  with  England,  when  Washington  itself  was  m  the  hands 
of  the  enemy.  Yet  England  was  again  compelled  to  ask  tor  peace. — 
Read  the  efibrts  to  subjugate  Switzerland.  Yet  these  few  cantons  have 
defled  Europe.  Read  the  war  in  the  Spanish  peninsular,  in  which  the 
power  of  France  was  at  last  humbled,  though  she  had  overrun  all  Spain. 
Remember  the  invasion  of  Russia,  whose  boors  fighting  for  their  homes, 
exterminated  the  grand  army  of  Napoleon.    Are  we  any  less  than  they  ? 

Illinois  AND  the  Negro. — The  folhwing    propositions,  submitted  to 

the  people  of  Illinois  at  the  same    time  the  new    constitution  was,  we 

learn  from  the  Chicago  Times,  were  sustained  by  a  large  majority: 

"Sec   1.  No  negro  or  mulatto  shall  migrate  to  or  settle  in  this'State. 

"Sec.  2.  No  negro    or  mulatto  shall    have  the  right   of  suffrage,  or 

hold  any  office  in  this  State. 

"  Sec  D.  The  General  Assembly  shall  pass  all  laws  necessary  to  car- 
ry into  effect  the  provisions  of  this  article."— [Jackson  Mississip-' 
pian,  July  10th. 

McCLELLAN'S    "  STRATEGIC  MOVE." 
Henceforth  when  a  scoundrel  is  kicked  out  of  doors, 

He  need  never  resent  the  disgrace, 
But  cry  ;  "  My  dear,  sir,  I'm  eternally  yours, 
For  your  kindness  in  changing  mtbask!" 


21 


GENERALS  OF  THE  CONFEDERATE  ARMY. 

List  of  Generals,  Major  Generals,  and  Brigadier  Generals,  of  the  Aroiv 
of  the  Confederate  States  of  America,  which  the  first  year  of  the  war  has 
called  into  existence. 


GENERALS  IN  REGULAR  ARMY. 

Samuel  Coopeh,  of  Virginia,  Adju-  Joseph  E  Johnston,  of  Virginia 

tant  General.  Robert  E  Lee,  of  Virginia 

Albert  S  JohnstoB,  of  Texas  P  T  Beauregard,  of  Louisiana 


MAJOR  GENERALS  IN  PROVISIONAL  ARMY. 


^  David  E  Twiggs,  of  Georgia 
Leonidas  Polk,  of  Louisiana 
Braxton  Bragg,  of  Louisiana 
Earl  Van  Dorn,  of  Mississippi 
Gustavus  W  Smith,  of  Kentucky 
Theophilus  H  Holmes,  of  No.  Ca. 
William  J.  Hardee,  of  Georgia 
Benjamin  Hugcr,  of  South  Carolina 


/ 


James  Longstreet,  of  Ali^bama 
James  B  Magruder,  •f  Virginia 
Thomas  J  Jackson,  of  Virginia 
Mansfield  Lovell,  of  Virginia 
Edmund  Kirby  Smith,  ot  Florida 
George  B  Crittenden,  of  Kentucky 
Sterling  Price,  of  Missouri 
Richard  L  Ewell,  of  Virginia 


BRIGADIER  GENERALS  IN  PROVISIONAL  ARMY. 


Milledge  L  Bonham,  of  So.  Ca. 
John  B.  Floyd,  of  Virginia 
Henry  A  Wise,  of  Virginia 
Ben  McCullocb,  of  Texas 
Henry  R.  Jackson,  of  Georgia 
Robert  S  Garnett,  of  Virginia 
Wm.  H  T  Walker,  of  Georgia 
Barnard  E.  Bte,  of  South  Carolina 
Alexander  R  Lawton,  of  Georgia 
Gideon  J  Pillow,  of  Tennessee 
Samuel  R  Anderson,  of  Tennessee 
Daniel  S  Donelson,  of  Tennessee 
David  R  Jones,  of  South  Carolina 
Jones  M  Withers,  of  Alabama 
John  C  Pemberton,  of  Virginia 
John  H  Winder,  of  Maryland 
Jubal  A  Early,  of  Virjiinia 
Thos.  B  Flournoy.  of  Arkansas    -f- 
Samuel  Jones,  ot  Virginia 
Arnold  Eizev,  «f  Maryland 
D  H  Hill,  of  North  Carolina 
Henrey  H  Sibley,  of  Louisiana 
Wm.  H  C  Whiting,  of  Georgia 
Wm.  W  Loring,  of  No.  Ca. 
R  H  Anderson,  of  So.  Ca. 
Albert  Pike,  ot  Arkansas 
Thos.  T  Fauntleroy,  ot  Virginia 
Robert  Toombs,  ot  Georgia 
Daniel  Ruggles,  of  Virginia 
Charles  Clark,  of  Mississippi 
Boswell  S  Ripley,  of  So.  Ca. 
Isaac  R  Trimble,  of  Maryland 
John  C  Grayson,  of  Kentucky      y 
Paul  0  Herbert,  of  Louisiana      t-^ 


Richard  C  Gatlin,  of  No.  Ca. 
Felix  K  ZoUicoffer,  ol  Tennessee 
Benj.  F  Cheatham,  of  Tennessee 
Joseph  R  Anderson,  of  Virginia 
Simeon  B  Buckner,  of  Virginia 
L  P  Walker,  of  Alabama 
Albert  G  Blanchard,  of  Louisiana 
GJ  Raines,  of  North  Carolinij. 
J  E  B  Stewart,  of  Virginia 
Lafayette  McLaws,  of  Georgia 
Thos.  F  Drayton,  of  S«.  Ct. 
Thos.  C  Hindman,  of  Arkansas 

■  Adley  H  Gladden,  of  Louisiana 
John  P  McCown,  of  Tennessee 
Lloyd  Tilghman,  of  Kentucky 
N  6  Evans,  of  South  Carolina 
Cadmus  M  Wilcox,  of  Tennessee 

-  Philip  St.  Ge'  rge  Cocke,  of  Va. 
R  E  Rhodes,  of  Alabama 
Richard  Taylor,  of  Louisiana 
Louis  T  Wigiall,  ot  Texas 
J  H  Trapier,  of  South  Carolina 
S  S  French,  ot  Mississippi 
Wm  H  C  rrotl,  of  Tennessee 
Hugh  W  Mercer,  of  Georgia 
Humphrey  Mars^hall,  ol  Kentucky 
John  C  Breckinridge,  of  Kentucky 
Richard  Griffith,  ot  Mississippi 
Alex.  P  Stewart,  of  Ken  ucky 
William  M  Gardner,  of  Georgia 
Richard  B  Gardner,  cf  Virginia 
Wm.  Mahone,  of  Virginia 
L  O'Brian  Branch,  of  JNo.  Ca. 
Maxcy  Gregg,  of  South  Carolina 


THE  FIRST  PRAYER  IN  CONGRESS. 

We  are  indebted  to  our  friend,  Maj.  E.  E.  Sell,  for  a  copy  of  a  hand- 
bill published  some  time  since  by  J.  Childs,  Philadelphia.  On  the  one 
side  is  an  advertisement,  and  on  the  other  side  a  copy  of  "  The  First 
Prayer  in  Congress." 

We  re-print  this  as  a  matter  of  great  interest  to  all  readers,  and  a  laa 
toncal  document  worthy  of  preservation,  whether  we  consider  the  plact 
and  occasion  ot  the  prayer,  or  the  author  and  his  history.  It  will  De 
noted  also,  that  by  substituting  the  Confederate  States,  this  prayer  may 
be  used  and  adopted  bv  all  who  are  now  defpnding  the  genuine  princw 
pies  of  Anglo-American  Republicanism  against  the  licentious  Democracy 
and  thieving  Despotism  which  have  usurped  the  once  proud  name  oC 
the  United  States.     We  copy  the  hand-bill,  as  follows : 

^THE  FIRST  PRAYER  IN  CONGRESS. 

In  "  Thatcher's  Military  Journal,"  under  date  of  December,  1777,  la 
found  a  note  containing  the  identical  "  First  Prayer  in  Congrtss, 
made  by  the  Rev.  Jacob  Duche,  a  gentleman  of  great  eloquence. 
Here  it  is,  a  historical  curiosity : 

•*  Oh  Lord,  our  Heavenly  Father,  high  and  mighty  King  of  kings,  and 
Lordof  Lords,  who  doth  trom  thy  throne  behold  all  the  dwellers  on 
earth  and  reignest  with  power  supreme  aud  uncontrolled  over  all  king- 
doms' empires  and  governments ;  look  down  in  mercy,  we  beseech  thee, 
on  these  American  States,  who  have  fled  to  thee  from  the  rod  of  'he 
onpressor,  and  thrown  themselves  on  thy  gracious  protection,  desirin.t: 
to  be  henceforth  dependent  only  on  thee  ;  to  thee  they  have  appealed 
for  the  righteousness  of  their  cause;  to  thee  do  they  now  look  up  for 
that  countenance  and  support  which  thou  alone  canst  give  ;  take  them, 
therefore.  Heavenly  Father,  under  thy  nurturing  care;  give  them  wisdom 
in  council,  and  valor  in  the  held  ;  defeat  the  malicious  designs  of  cur 
cruel  adversaries ;  convince  them  of  the  unrighteousness  of  their  cause  ; 
and  if  they  still  persist  in  their  sanguinary  purposes,  O  !  let  the  voice  of 
thine  own  unerring  justice,  sounding  in  their  hearts,  constrain  them  io. 
drop  the  weapons  of  war  from  their  unnerved  hands  in  the  day  of  bat- 
tle. Be  thou  present,  0  God  of  Wisdom,  and  direct  the  councils  of  thus 
honorable  assembly;  enable  them  to  settle  things  on  the  best  and  surest 
foundation,  that  the  scene  of  blood  may  be  speedily  closed,  that  order, 
harmony  and  peace  may  be  elFectually  restored;  and  truth  and  jusiicf^ 
religion  and  piety,  prevail  and  flourish  amongst  thy  people.  Preserve 
the  health  of  their  bodies  and  the  vigor  of  their  minds;  shower  down 
on  THEM  and  the  millions  they  here  represent,  such  temporal  blessings 
as  thou  seest  expedient  for  them  in  this  world,  and  crown  tbem  with 
everlasting  glory  in  the  world  to  come.  All  this  we  ask  in  the  nat^e 
and  through  the  merits  of  Jesus  Christ,  thy  Son,  our  Saviour,  Amen ! 

It  is  on  record,  we  believe,  that  on   the  occasion   of  first  using   this 
nraver  the  Chaplain  read  for  the  lesson  the  35th  Psalm. 
^    ■^     '  "  [Charleston  Coiirike,  Jan.  28, 1802. 

The  First  Secessionist.— The  first  disunion  speech  ever  made  in  thf 
United  States  House  of  Representatives,  was  by  Josiah  Quincy,  of  Mf  ' 
sachusetts,  in  regard  to  the  Louisiana  Enabling  Act,  January  14,  181  . 

"  I  am*  compelled  to  declare  it  as  my  deliberate  opinion,  that  if  tl 
bill  passes,  the  bonds  of  this  Union  are  virtually  dissolved ;  that  t 
States  which  compose  it  are  free  from  their  moral  obligations,  and  tt 
as  it  will  be  the  right  of  all,  so  it  will  be  the  duty  of  some  to  prepe 


23 

[From  the  Augusta  Constitutionalist] 
HISTORICAL    PARALLELS. 

The  condition  of  the  Lincoln  Government,  in  its  insane  ettorts  to  sub- 
jugate the  Southern  States,  bears  a  striking  resemblance,  in  many  fea- 
tures, to  that  of  England  in  its  attempt  to  subdue  the  thirteen  colonies. 

The  intelligent  statesmen  of  the  North  will  find  in  the  history  of  that 
memorable  struggle  many  instructive  chapters;  but  it  is  doubtful  now 
whether  they  can  derive  much  profit  from  the  study.  That  history  should 
have  been  studied  and  applied  before  this  atrocious  war  upon  the  South 
began.  Had  this  been  done,  and  the  Northern  mind  been  duly  enlight- 
ened, ihe  ruin  that  is  fast  coming  upon  the  Northern  republic  might  have 
been  averted.  It  is  now  too  late.  There  is  the  marked  difference  be- 
tween the  condition  of  the  English  in  that  contest,  and  the  Yankees  at 
the  present  time.  In  Eagland,  public  opinion  was  divided  as  to  the 
wisaom  and  justice  of  the  coercive  policy  of  the  Crown,  and  those  who 
opposed  that  policy  were  free  to  speak  and  write  their  opinions,  and  to 
give  them  exoression  in  Parlumentand  through  the  public  press.  Free- 
dom of  speech  and  of  the  press  were  intact.  Those  great  bulwarks  of 
liberty  continued  to  be  respected  as  sacred.  There  were  no  bastilea,  no 
lettres  de  cachet,  no  Fort  La  Fayettes  and  Fort  Warrens  in  which  a  Min- 
ister of  the  Crown  dared,  on  his  mere  written  order,  to  incarcerate  a 
British  subject  for  declaring  his  detestation  ofnhe  fratricidal  war.  The 
great  writ  of  habeas  corpus  was  neither  suspended  by  Parliament  nor 
violated  by  the  Ministry.  The  latter  dared  not  attempt  such  an  usurpa- 
tion.  As  the  fruit  of  the  sacrtdiess  of  these  rights,  we  have  preserved 
to  the  world,  in  the  speeches  of  Chatham  and  Burke,  and  other  distin- 
guished orators  who  denounced  the  war,  some  of  the  most  splendid 
specimens  extant  of  British  eloquence. 

In  1777,  on  a  motion  for  an  address  to  the  Crown  to  put  a  stop  to  hos- 
tilities in  America.  Lord  Chatham,  in  the  course  of  au  eloquent  speech, 
usea  tbe  following  language: 

'•But,  my  Lords,  the  times  demand  the  language  of  truth.  We  must 
notnow  apply  ihe  unction  of  servile  compliance  or  blind  complaisance.  In 
a  just  and  necessary  war,  to  maintain  the  rights  or  honor  of  my  couritry 
I  would  strip  the  shirt  from  my  back  to  support  it.  But  in  such  a  war  as 
thid,  unjust  in  us  principles,  impracticable  in  its  means,  and  ruinous  in 
its  consequences,  1  would  not  contribute  a  single  effort  nor  a  single  shil- 
ling. I  do  not  call  for  vengeance  upon  the  heads  of  those  who  have  beeti 
guilty  ;  I  only  recommeud  to  them  to  make  their  retreat.  Let  them  walk 
off,  and  let  them  make  haste,  or  they  may  be  assured  that  speedy  and 
condign  punishment  will  overtake  them. 

•'My  Lords,  I  have  submitted  to  you,  with  the  freedom  and  truth 
which  I  think  my  duty,  my  sentiments  on  your  prosent  awful  situation. 
I  have  laid  before  you  the  ruin  of  your  power,  the  disgrace  of  your  repu- 
tation, the  pollution  of  vour  discipline,  the  contamination  of  yoar  morals 
the  complication  of  calamities,  foreign  and  domestic,  that  overwhelm 
your  sinking  country.  Your  dearest  interests,  vour  own  liberties,  the 
Constitution  itself,  totters  to  the  foundation.  All  this  disgraceful'dan- 
ger,  this  multitude  of  misery,  is  the  monstrous  offspring  of  this  unoatu- 
ral  war.  We  have  been  deceived  and  deluded  too  long.  Let  us  now 
stop  short.  Th.s  is  the  crisis— the  only  crisis  of  time  and  situation  to  give 
us  the  possibility  ot  escape  Irom  the  fatal  effects  of  our  delusions  But 
if,  In  an  obstinate  and  infatuated  perseverance  in  folly,  we  slavishly  echo 
the  peremptory  words  this  day  presented  to  us,  nothing  can  save  this 
devoted  country  from  complete  and  final  ruin.  We  madly  rush  into  mul- 
tiplied miseries,  and  confusion  worse  confounded.  Is  it  possible— can  it 
be  believed,  that  Ministers  are  yet  blind  to  this  impending  deatruction  V 


34 

How  impressive  is  lUis  picture,  how  atriking  tUo  parallel ! 

The  orator  proceeds  iu  his  fervid  denunciation  of  the  Miniatere,  '■ ) 
forcibly  applicable  to  Lincoln  now  and  his  infatuated  Cabinet: 

"  I  did  hope  that  instead  of  this  false  and  empty  vanity,  this  ovcrn-eau- 
ing  pride,  engendering  high  conceits  and  presumptuous  imaginationy-. 
Ministers  would  have  humbled  themselves  in  their  errors,  would  hav 
confessed  and  retracted  them,  and  by  an  active  though  a  laterapentanc. 
have  endeavored  to  redeem  them.  But,  my  Lords,  since  they  had  neithe  • 
the  sagacity  to  foresee,  nor  justice  nor  humanity  to  shun  these  oppressiA  ■ 
calamities— since  not  even  severe  experience  can  make  them  feel,  nor  tt  -^ 
imminent  ruin  of  their  country  awaken  them  from  their  stupefaction,  tl- 
guardian  care  of  Parliament  must  interpose." 

The  noble  Earl  then  announced  his  purpose  to  ofier  an  amendment  Ic 
theaddreihS,  recommending  "an  immediate  cessation  of  hostilities,  and 
the  commencement  of  a  treaty  to  restore  peace  and  libei'ty  to  Americr. 
strength  and  happiness  to  England,  security  and  permanent  prosperit;. 
to  both  countries." 

But  the  parallel  would  not  hold  out  in  the  foreshadowed  results,  so  hi 
as  the  Yankee  nation  is  concerned. 

The  day  of  their  prosperity  is  over  so  far  as  it  has  been,  or  might  yt 
be,  derived  from  gouthern  trade  and  intercourse.  Lord  Chatham  goes  o; 
to  say: 

'-'By  the  establishment  of  irrevocable  law,  founded  on  mutual  rights^ 
and  ascertained  by  treaty,  these  glorious  enjoyments  may  be  firmly  per- 
petuated. And  let  me  repeat  to  your  Lordships,  that  the  strong  bias  of 
America,  at  least  of  the  wise  and  sounder  parts  of  it,-  naturally  inclines 
to  this  happy  re-connection  with  you.  Notwithstanding  the  temporary 
intrigues  with  France,  we  may  still  be  assured  of  their  ancient  and  con- 
firmed partiality  to  us." 

There  can  be  no  re-connection  with  New  England,  or  any  part  of  the 
universal  Yankee  nation  and  the  South,  either  social,  political,  or  com- 
mercial. That  arrogant  and  rapacious  people  have,  themselves,  by  their 
infamous  atrocities,  created  a  gulf  between  the  North  and  the  South  that 
no  treaty,  no  time,  no  change  of  policy,  can  ever  bridge  over.  There  is 
in  the  South  an  ancient  partiality  for  old  England,  that  may  be  reviveci 
and  confirmed,  should  the  British  Government  now  adopt  a  wise  and 
energetic  policy.  But  tor  the  Yankees— never— never!  There  never  was- 
any  partiality  tor  them  among  Southerners,  though  from  a  false  policj 
and  a  more  false  indolence,  tbe  South  has  given  them  an  immense  trad( 
and  innumerable  social  and  commercial  advantages.  That  day  of  folly 
and  infatuation  for  the  South,  whether  in  peace  or  in  war,  is  forever 
over. 

A  Dying  Nation.— The  New  Y''ork  Day  Book  says :  "A  merchant  of 
this  city  whose  opinion  is  eotitled  to  credit,  both  from  his  experience 
and  bis  sagacity,  says  that '  it  is  useless  to  deny  that  a  complete  financial 
wreck  of  tbe  whole  North  is  inevitable,  unless  something  is  done  when 
Congress  meets  to  bring  about  an  honorable  peace.'  It  is  a  sad  business 
to  walk  out  in  the  streets.  One  can  scarcely  persuade  himself  that  be  is 
not  in  Bedlam,  Such  faces!  Some  blazing  with  fiendish  passions; 
others,  sad,  sorrowful,  and  despairing;  but  nut  one  pleasant  and  joyous 
countenance  in  the  whole  city.  There  is  something  in  every  man  s  face 
which  seems  to  say  'a  nation  is  dying !'  " 

Sore  Thboat..  .Common  salt,  slowly  dissolved  in  the  mouth,  and 
swallowed,  just  before  going  to  bed,  is  very  effectual  in  ordinary  cases 
of  8ore  throat. 


25 

THE  BATTLES  OF  MANASSAS  AJJD  RICHMOND. 

A  WAENING  TO  LINCOLN. 

Being  a  native  Baltimorian,  and  havinc:  been  in  faror  of  an  aggressive  war 
policy  h-om  the  commencement  of  our  struggle,  I  have  written  the  following  lines, 
immediately  after  the  battle  of  Manassas,  with  the  daily  anticipation  that  our 
army  would  move  unto  Washington  City,  to  capture  that  corrupt  lair  of  tyfanny, 
the  chief  source  of  all  Infamies.  H.  W.R.  J. 

Our  soldiers  at  Manassas  their  valor  have  proved,  • 

They  have  roHted  the  foe  who  sought  us  to  enslave  ; 
Lincoln  despots  beware,  the  South  is  not  subdued, 
Nor  can  you  with  milliODS  ever  conquer  our  brave. 

Should  you  for  a  moment,  m  your  fanatical  dreams 

Cherish  a  hope  of  laying  waste  our  beautiful  land, 

Think  of  Manassas,  the  destruction  of  your  schemes, 

All  Southerners  are  formed  in  one  chivalric  band. 

Prepared  for  the  invader  and  despotic  foe, 

To  hurl  from  positions  he  unjustly  has  taken, 

With  slaughter  and  carnage,  dealing  terror  and  woe 

To  an  insolent  rabble,  whom  God  hath  forsaken. 

The  battles  of  Bethel.  Bull  Run,  and  Manassas, 

Should  prove  conclusive  what  in  future  we'll  do, 

So  you'd  better  conclude  no  more  to  harrass  ub, 

Or  we'll  surely  compell  you  lor  mercy  to  sue. 

We  assert  but  our  rights,  and  we  dare  to  maintain 

A  separation,  a  nation  distmct  and  free 

From  barbarians  who  pillaged  Virginia's  domain, 

And  broken  the  branches  ol  ouv  Liberty  Tree. 

But  anew  we  have  planted  that  emblem  so  true. 

And  cherish'd  by  true  manhood  of  low  and  high  estate. 

Liberty  for  which  Washington  his  sA'ord  fitst  drew, 

Proved  the  rights  of  man,  and  measured  a  tyrants  fate. 

Virginia  holds  the  remains  of  our  Washington, 

To  retain  them  we  will  pass  through  a  lake  of  (ire, 

And  force  upon  you  another  Manassas  and  Bull  Run, 

For  we'll  break  through  despots  walls  of  steel,  and  never  tire. 

All  the  States  of  the  South  we  will  surely  redeem  ' 

From  fanatics  and  tyrants  who  would  rum  our  slaves; 

Remembbr,  •  old  Abe,'  Belshazzer   and  his  dream, 

Remember  the  vengeance  of  oar  God,  and  our  braves. 

For  like  Belshazzar  you  have  trusted  in  your  power, 

To  dishonor  our  women,  to  pillage  our  lands. 

You've  reckoned  without  your  host,  and  marked  is  your  hour, 

As  fetters*  await  you  prepared  by  your  owa  hands. 

As  we  believe  in  our  God,  and  trust  in  bis  mercy. 

We  will  give  you  such  time  to  adopt  your  disguise, 

Believing  sincerely  you'r  a  crazy  old  hu-ssy, 

'Ti3  a  rabble  that  leads  and  lauds  you  to  tlie  skies. 

Your  time  is  near  at  hand,  so  take  your  Scottish  cap, 

We'll  grant  you  a  passage  to  your  former  abode; 

Forthwith  leave  that  Capital,  'lis   only  a  trap. 

In  which  you'll  be  tori;ured  like  a  harrowed  old  toad. 


♦  Hand-cuffs  taken  at  Manassas. 


26 

For  that  same  Capital  is  a  part  of  our  claim, 
Our  legitimate  right  we  are  ready  to  prove, 
Its  possession  to  you  will  be  but  trifling  gain, 
Compared  with  safety  to  your  self,  and  timely  move. 

So  trespass  no  more,  aud  we'll  forgive  your  past  sins, 
Return  all  your  minions  to  the  plough  and  the  hoe, 
To  industry,  where  power  and  greatness  begins, 
Stay  the  arm  that  makes  brother  to  brother  a  foe. 

We're  content  with  the  South  and  her  beautiful  clime. 
We  want  not  your  lands,  half  the  year  subject  to  shov>'; 
With  us  your  voice  for  men'.^  rights  and  liberty  chime, 
Then  we  as  kindred  nations  prospering  mav  grow. 

Our  VMd  tone  of  command,  and  earnest  voice  of  reason, 

Cannot  fail  to  carry  conviction  to  your  heart ; 

Long  you  have  tried  to  convict  us  of  treason, 

To  the  world  you  expected  to  prove  yourself  smart, 

Biit  treason  is  chargeable  to  your  tyrant  self. 

Your  tricks  and  deception  are  being  unmasked, 

You  and  your  party  try  to  rob  us  of  our  pelf, 

And  you'll  get  what  you've  neither  wished  for  nor  asked, 

Unless  you  take  speedy  warning  while  yet  there's  time, 
(It  iB  never  too  late  for  a  man  to  do  good,) 
Though  great  may  have  been  the  commitment  of  his  crime  ; 
Ho  return  dear  "old  Abe"  to  your  chopping  of  wood. 

T^^enty  days  you  assigned  us  to  lay  down  our  arms, 

To  submit  to  your  despotic  and  tyranic  will, 

You  find  we  have  in  store  for  your  beautiful  charms, 

Charms*  proved  by  the  p.word,  but  first  given  by  the  quill. 

Thresf  months  were  your  limit,  with  seventy -five  thousand 
Of  hirelings  and  menials  to  subdue  the  whole  South, 
But  with  that  number  you  merely  made  an  onset,— 
'Twill  prove  as  fatal  as  a  long  continued  drouth. 

^Twill  speedily  ab.^orb  your  men  and  resources, 
In  the  end  you  will  find  you  have  nothing  to  gain. 
But  prove  us  a  nation,  with  unconquerable  forces, 
To  number  your  armies  with  the  vanquished  and  slain. 

*  The  charms  .alluded  to  .ire  the  qu.alitio.s  and  virtues  of  national  power,  which 
exists  in  the  will  .and  resolution  of  a  people,  who  are  as  a  unit  engaged  In  the 
great  and  absorbing  object  of  national  existonoe.  and  independence  of  Pnri 
tanieal  and  abolition  influences. 

^From  the  Savann.ah  Eepublican,  May  Slat 
OoR  PflisoxER3  IN-  THE  NoRTH.— The  Yankee  Papers   advocate  putting 
aU  the  "rebel  prisoners"  they  have  to  work.    The    Philadelphia  Press 
says: 

Put  them  to  work.  Employ  them  to  retribute  in  some  degree,  the  de- 
struction and  devastation  they  have  been  the  instruments  in  perpetra« 
ting.  Set  them  to  work  in  constructing  new  fortifications  in  places 
sufficiently  remote  from  iheir  late  fellow  conspirators  to  be  secure  from 
recapture  and  escape.  It  is  no  objection  that  quarrying,  walling,  and 
diggings  are  foreign  to  their  avocations  at  home.    They  worked  with 


27 

a  wilJ,  or  uuder  coustramt,  te  destrof  bridges,  tear  up  railroads,  (o  ob- 
struct commoa  highways,  to  burn  houses,  to  dig  ditches,  throw  up 
embankments  whence  to  slaughter  their  faithful  fellow  countrvmen, 
and  now,  neither  thev,  nor  any  others,  can  complain  at  their'being 
employed  iu  similar  works  of  construction,  not  of  ruin,  (or  the  bene 
tit  of  those  whom  they  have  done  so  much  to  injure.  >.'or  can  they 
complain  at  being  employed  ia  labors  which  would  Lave  t)  be  done 
by  our  soldiers  or  citizens,  every  man  of  whom  is  the  equal,  at  least 
to  the  best  of  them— a  voter,  one  of  the  sovereign  people  from  whom' 
eminates  the  government.  Employing  the  prisoners  on  public  works 
would  somewhat  compeusate  the  expense  of  maintaining  them. 

Stonewall  JACssoN.~The  Milton  (N.  C.)  Chronicle  says  there  must 
"be  something  in  a  name,"  for  the  very  sound  of  Jackson  seta  a 
Yankee  to  trembling.  The  foreigners  iu  the  Yankee  army  swear  it's 
all  a  "  rf-bol  lie"  about  the  ••  iStonewall"  part  of  the  name."  "  Bugger 
me  eyes"  says  Patrick,  '•  if  ye  can  be  after  making  me  believe  that  it  isn't 
that  old  spalpeen  G'nerul  Andrew  Jackson,  and  if  it  is,  boys,  Holy  Saint 
Mary,  ye  bether  be  afther  lavin'  these  low  lands  ofsoi^row."  "Mine 
got !"  exclaims  Hans  "  dat  ish  him,  kuni  to  life,  and  he'll  p  ay  de  debet 
wid  de  Dutch." 

Thk  Yankkes  Still  Stkal!N(i. --The  Yanke-s  used  to  sti-al  uetrrofo 
from  Africa  to  sell  to  Southerti  aud  Cuban  planters.  Tbey  seem  to 
be  making  war  ou  the  South  that  they  may  steal  negroes"  and  fell 
them  to  the  West  Indies.  The  Fortress  Monroe  correspondent  of  the 
.Vew  York  Herald  gives  an  account  of  a  Yankee  slaver,  which,  right 
under  the  eje.s  of  the  large  Yankee  land  and  naval  forces  there,  and 
manifestly  with  their  connivance,  has  carried  oti  (wo  hundred*  and 
seventy-five  negro  men,  "  sprightly  lads,  worth  iu  Cuba  from  $500  to 
$1200  each."  These  negroes  are  part  of  those  enticed  from  their  mas^ 
ters  in  Virginia  with  promi.-tsof  frepdom.  The  writer  tells  the  follow- 
ing story  from  which  we  infer  that  the  whole  thing  has  be«n  done  by 
authority  of  Lincoln's  government: 

For  some  time  past  a  bark  has  lam  at  anchor  near  Cape  Henry,  and 
by  the  supposed  honest  intentions  of  her  cap(ain,  she  had  been  a!-* 
lowed  to  remain  tliere  until  she  could  communicate  with  her  owner.s 
i.r  consignees.  Hut  the  sequel  shows  that  an  honest  suit  mav  cnvpr  a 
cool  and  calculating  villain. 

By  some  means  a  number  of  controbands  have  been  induced  daily 
to  go  down  to  work  on  the  vessel,  but  in  no  instance  have  they  beeii 
allowed  to  return.  Vessels  bringing  cargoes  here  have  beeu  the  "mean>5 
employed  to  bring  (hem  1o  the  hark  after  their  cargoes  were  landed; 
.so  well  pianued  has  the  whole  affair  beeu  thai  no  suspicions  have  aris- 
en in  the  minds  of  any  one,  not  even  (he  naval  officers,  whose  duty  it 
is  to  watch  every  description  of  craft.  The  flagship  lav  all  this  time 
where  she  ought  to  have  seen  such  transactions.  These  things  have 
been  going  on  until  two  hundred  and  seventy  of  brother  Wilder's  flock 
were  safely  on  board  the  slaver,  and  last  night,  amid  the  storm  and 
rain,  she  went  out  to  sea.  01  course  we  can  learn  nothing  from  ca-> 
val  officers  in  regard  to  this  strange  affair;  an  officer  high  in  rank  as- 
suring us  that  "their  mouths  were  sealed  in  reference  to  naval  intel- 
ligence of  any  kind."  The  question  that  naturally  arises  iv",  where  was 
the  North  Atlantic  blockaking  squadron? 

The  Yankkes  Sellino  Negroes.— Some  weeks  ago  a  portion  of  Gen^ 
eral  Mitchel's  command  was  stationed  at  LarkinsviDe,  a  small  town 
in  Jackson  county,  Ala.,  on  the  Memphis  Railroad,  while  they  pillaged 
the  country  as  ttjey  are  accustomed  to  do.   everywhere,  and  of  course 


28 

took  iiud  employed  contrabands  as  they  wanted,  and  kept  them  as  locg 
as  they  pleased. 

But  the  hypocrititcal  cant  of  the  enemy  was  most  glanngly  exibit- 
ed  in  that,  after  they  were  done  with  the  negroes,  instead  of  sending 
them  to  their  owner  or  taking  them  away  with  them,  they  put  them  np 
at  auction  and  sold  them.  The  Yankees  bid  on  them,  but  they  werd 
careful  to  let  Ibem  be  knocked  ofl"  to  residents,  who  generally  were 
the  former  owners  or  the  friends  of  the  former  owners.  Thus  these 
Dien  whose  conscience  hurt  them  so  much  that  they  could  not  remain 
m  the  Union  with  slaveholders,  have  become  slave  thieves  and  deaU 
ers  through  malice  and  greedy  of  gaio.  Of  what  worth  are  all  their 
loud-mouthed,  empty  profesions?— (Atlanta  Commonwealth. 

Yankee  Cruelty — We  noticed  yesterday  an  instance  in  which  a  Cou>4 
federate  soldier  had  been  captured  uninjured,  and  Bubsequently  re- 
captured by  our  force?,  badly  wounded,  having  been  assaulted  vioiect- 
Iv  by  two  Federal  ofllcers  during  his  captivity.  We  have  since  heard 
it  stated,  ihat  in  several  instances,  where  our  wounded  fell  into  the 
enemy's* hands,  they  were  either  shot  or  bayoneted.  Those  statements 
scarcely  seem  credible,  and  but  for  a  Yankee  letter  which  was  found 
upon  one  of  the  battle -helds,  we  might  well  doubt  their  truth.  An 
extract  which  we  make  from  the  letter  fully  establishes  the  statements 
alluded  to.  The  writer,  in  speaking  of  going  over  the  field  after  an 
eneagement,   says: 

"It  was  a  pretty  hard  looking  sight.  Tne  ground  was  covered  with 
dead  rebels  and  wounded.  There  were  a  great  many  that  were  only 
wt  uuded,  and  they  were  very  spunky;  that  is,  some  of  them  were.  - 
Afler  they  were  wounded,  they  would  set  up  and  tire  at  our  men  as 
they  cume  up  ;  but  the  boys  soon  put  them  out  of  the  way  by  running 
their  bayonets  ihrnugh  them.  It  looked  rather  hard,  but  when  a  man 
is  wounded  he  ought"  to  be  satisfied  to  stop." 

Effectiveness  cf  McClellan's  AEMT.~In  view  of  the  recent  events, 
the  following  editorial  testimony  from  the  N.  Y^.  Tribune,  of  the  14th 
July,  f>s  10  thefttrfngth  of  McClellan's  army,  deserves  to  be  placed 
upon  record ; 

"  We  have  late  private  advices  from  our  army  before  Richmond.— 
In  spite  of  its  heavy  losses  by  sickness,  privation  and  combat,  it  is 
to-day  the  strongest  and  most  effective  army  ever  assembled  on  this 
continent— much  stronger  even  in  numbers,  than  is  generally  sup* 
posed.  It  has  more  and  better  artillery  than  any  other  army  in  the 
world  evfr  had. 

Yet  a  little  while  longer  must  the  sword  and  the  bayonet  write  in 
in  letters  of  fire  a  fresh  heroic  page  in  the  aunals  of  the  American 
Re]aiblic.     Then   cometh  welcome  peace," 

Yankef,  Outrages  in  Norfolk. — The  Raleigh  Register  learns  from 
a  rpspectabh'  scturce  that  a  Y^ankee  Colonel  having  violated  a  negro 
woman  in  Norfolk,  was  shot  by  her  for  so  doing.  Wherereupon  the 
gallant  Coloiiel's  compatriots,  in  revenge  of  his  death,  on  the  next  day, 
killed  and  wounded  about  120  negroes  in  Norfolk.  It  is  reported  thai 
a  good  many  Yankees  have  been  killed  by  eating  strawberries,  in  which 
poison  had  been  mixed  by  negroes. 

Eight  Sons  IN  the  Army.— Mrs.  Martha  Tyler,  a  widow  lady,  living  in 
Henrico  county,  Virginia,  ten  miles  West  of  Richmond,  has  eight  sons 
in  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States,  viz;  Three  in  Courtney's  Ars 
tillery,  two  in  the  Hampden  Artillery,  two  in  the  Igth  Yirginia  In- 
fantry, and  one  in  Capt.  Wren's  company  of  cavalry. 


JXr  24,  1S52,  before  the  great  battle  of  Richmond. 
GEN.   BUCKNER  TO   BE  TRIED   AND  HANGED  FOR  TREASON. 
The  Yankee  Congress  is  debating  the  propriety   of  hangiog  Gtn. 
liuckner    for  treason.     Wc   give  a  sketch  of  the    debate  on  this  very 
extraordinary   proposition  : 

Mr.  Davis,  of  Kenlncky.  introduced  a  resolution  rol.uire  to  Gcnwrnl 
BuckntT,  that  he  had  seduced  the  vState  Guard  of  Kentucky,  and  corn- 
milted  treason,  and  was  under  indictment  Jor  treason  against  the  Uni- 
ted Htates  in  the  District  Court  of  Kentucky;  therefore. 

Resolved,  That  the  snid  jSimon  Bolivar  Buckner  ought  to  be  trans- 
ferred to  the  civil  authorities  of  the  United  tSlates  to  be  tried  for 
treason,  whereof  ho  stands  indicted. 

Mr.  Grimes,  of  Iowa,  thought  the  resolution  ou^lit  not  to  pass. - 
There  were  three  Federal  officers  here  now,  who  had  been  capiurt'd 
by  the  rebels  at  Pittsburg  Landing,  negotiating  for  a  genernl  ox- 
change  of  prisoners,  including  Gen.  Buckner.  He  thought  we  ought 
not  to  keep  so  many  of  our  own  men  prisoners  Un  the  sake  of  afnd- 
ing  bpck  Gen.  Buckner  to  be  tried  in  Kentucky.  The  exchange  of 
Gen.  Prentiss  was  loQked  to  by  the  rebels  in  this  transaction.  Hi?  (i'd 
not  see  why  prisoners  from  Iowa,  Illinois,  and  other  States,  should  be 
t-acrificed,  as  Ihey  would  be,  to  punish  in  the  way  proposed  om  cili- 
zcn  ot  Kentucky. 

Mr.  Trumbull  wanted  to  know  if  the  Senator  from  Iowa  had  :juv 
reason  for  supposing  the  rebels  would  keep  faith  and  exchange  prison- 
ers. After  the  battle  of  Belmont,  this  Government  surrendered  pii  ;- 
oners  on  the  promise  of  exchange,  but  the  rebels,  after  rcc»=iving  thvir 
men,  refused  to  give  up  ours;  audit  is  well  known  they  refused  to 
deliver  Col.  Corcoran  ihe  other  day,  after  the  privateersmen  wcro^ent 
down  fo  them,  Ue  was  willing  to  make  exchanges,  but  wanted  to 
know  what  assurance  there  was  that  the  rebel  Government  would 
keep  faith  in  the  matter. 

Mr.  Grimes  said  that  the   Government   had   continued    to  ma'te  rx« 
changes,  notwithstanding  the  alleged   bad  faith  of  the  rebel  Govern 
ment,  and  Gen.  Buckner,  nor  any  one  else  ought  to  be  given  up  til'  we 
had  a  like  number  delivered  to  us. 

Mr.  Davis  earnestly  urged  ihe  adoption  of  his  resolution,  couiend- 
log  tiiat  Gen.  Buckner  was  the  most  infamous  of  traitors,  having  or- 
ganized the  Slate  Guard  under  the  auspices  of  the  State  and  the  Uni- 
ted States  Government,  come  to  Washington  and  conferred  with  tho 
President,  and  then  went  home  and  corrupted  the  fl owei  of  the  youih 
of  that  State,  and  led  them  away  into  the  rebel  army.  If  any  onr  of 
the  leading  traitors  should  be  hung,  it  was  the  wr;tch  Pnickner,  wbo 
now  stands  indicted  fortreason,  unlike  others  similarly  circ.nmstan<'ed. 
The  Governmoot  sliould  not  yield  to  rh^j  arrogant  term-?  of  the  rtbel- 
lionisls,  as   we  had  far  more  prisoners  than  they  hai. 

Mr.  Browniner,  of  Illinois,  oi)posed  the  re.ifi'ulion,  as  entirely  i"- 
prrtpcr,  contending  that  the  lules  of  war  admitted  of  no  such  action  m 
regard  to  prisf:ners  taken  in  war. 

This  matter  of  the  exchange  or  treatment  of  pnioner.'*,  Coo* 
grass  had  nothing  to  do  wiih,  and  if  such  course  was  pursued  as  sug- 
gested, the  rebels  would,  of  course,  retaliate  ;  and  if  Rtickn'>r  was  huag. 
f»'cn.  Prenti.'-s,  or  p(iha})s  half  a  dozen  others,  wcii!d  share  the  same 
fate  in  return. 

Mr.  I.athan  thought  the  subject  ."hould  be  well  considered,  and  on 
bis  motion  the  subject  wa.s  postponed  till  next  day. 


30 

NonxHERN  Dissatisfaction.—"  Had  Secretary  Btauoton  appeared  in 
our  streets  to-daj,"  says  a  private  letter  from  New  York  of  the  date 
of  Monday,  "  he  would  have  been  mobbed."  If  such  was  the  popular 
feeling  in  the  city  of  New  York  on  Monday,  what  must  have  been  the 
feeliBg  auQong  the  soldiers  of  the  army  of  the  Potomac  as  the  deci« 
mated  division  were  compelled  fo  fall  back  before  the  onset  of  ims 
mensely  superior  numbers? 

No  apology  can  be  trumped  up  for  the  non-reinforcement  of  Mc« 
Clellan.  McDowell's  corps  should  haye  been  sent  to  him  long  ago,  and 
one  hulf  of  the  army  of  the  West,  which  drove  Beauregard  out  ofOoi- 
inth,  migUt  have  reached  him  days  ago. 

No  wonder  the  soldiers  of  the  army  of  the  Potomac  have  registered 
vows  of  vengftance  against  the  politicians  at  Washington  who  have 
left  them  to  be  slaughtered  by  the  overwhelming  legions  of  the  rebels. 

"Onward  to  Richmond"  must  now  be  rendered  "  Onward  to  death!" 

(Chicago  Tribune.) 


Est  I  act    from  a  letter  written  by  a  Federal  Surgeon   to  his  sister . 

"Fortress  Monroe,  July  4. 

"  1  now  realize  war  in  all  its  horrors,  I  have  witnessed  such  scenes 
as  would  make  the  blood  curdle  to  read  about  them,  but  to  look  upon 
IS  horrible.  I  have  seen,  within  two  days  past,  more  than  12,000  men 
torn  in  all  parts  o!  the  bodv  with  balls  and  bayonet  wounds,  The 
Pennsylvania  regiments  suffered  terribly,  only  150  men  are  left  in  the 
104th  Pennsylvania  Regiment.  The  number  of  killed,  wounded,  and 
missing  in  the    two  day's  fight,  approache^s  16,000,  certain. 

"Don't  believe  anything  you  see  in  the  papers.  1  know  Ihey  lie 
awfully.     Official  despatches  are  worth  nothing, 

"  We  hear  that  Burnside  has  reinforced  McCIellan,  and  that  Halleck 
is  to  send  as   many  as  he  can   spare." 

This  is  an  account,  or  miniature  sketch,  of  the  two  first  day's 
fighting  in  the  battles  of  Richmond, and  tallies  with  another  account 
given  after  vhe  ^seven  days  fighting,  in  which  the  loss  of  McCIellan'*^, 
is  estimated  at  eighty  thousand.     80,000  killed,  wounded,  and  missing- 

The  London  Telegraph,  in  referring  to  Butler's  brutal  order,  re- 
marks: 

It  is  true  that  Butler  and  his  villainous  decree  may  be  disavowed  by 
the  Washington  Oovernment,  but  how  facile  are  these  oliicial  avowals 
— how  easy  it  is  for  Alexander  at  St.  Petersburg  to  disavow  the  woman- 
whippings  ordered  by  his  Generals  at  Warsaw.  "It  is  a  far  cry  to 
I.ochawe."  It  is  a  long  way  from  New  York  to  New  Orleans.  The 
mischief  and  the  scandal  are  in  the  fact  that  high  posts  in  the  Federal 
iirmy  should  be  entrusted  to  abandoned  wretches,  who  by  their  deeds, 
bring  upon  themselves  the  scorn  and  approbrium  of  the  whole  civilized 
world.  The  commanders  of  the  Confederate  forces  have  at  least  acted 
like  officers  and  gentlemen.  It  has  been  reserved  for  the  "  high'^hand- 
ed"  and  "  refined"  warriors  of  the  North  to  emulate  the  coarse  brutali- 
ties of  rowdies  and  shoulder-hitters. 

TuE  Eagle  Hides  His  Head  in  Shame.— A  Washington  correspon- 
dent of  the  Richmond  Examiner  writes  :  "  On  the  day  that  Seward 
signed  the  ignominious  surrender  of  Mason  ana  Slidell,  it  is  said  an  eagle 
perched  upon  the  summit  of  the  capitol,  and  hid  his  head  under  his 
wing.    He  was  shot  and  killed  by  a  Yankee  sutler." 


31 

EXTRACT  FEOM  THE  TENTH  CHAPTER  OF  JOSHUA- 

WITH  A  NEW  TRANSLATION. 

Now  it  came  to  pass  when  Abe  Lincoln,  King  of  the  Abolitionists  at 
Washington  City,  had  heard  how  Jefl' Davis  had  taken  Fort  Sumter, 
and  how  the  inhabitants  of  Virginia  had  made  peace  with  the  children 
of  Davis  and  were  among  tbem  : 

2.  That  he  feared  greatly,  because  Richmond  was  a  great  city,  as  one 
of  the  royal  cities,  and  all  of  the  men  of  Virginia  were  mighty. 

'■J.  Wherefore,  Abraham,  King  of  Washington,  sent  unto  the  five  Abo- 
lition Governors  of  New  York,  Massachusetts,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio  and 
Indiana,  saying : 

4.  C^me  up  unto  me,  and  help  mc,  that  we  ma}'  smite  Virginia,  for  it 
hath  made  peace  with  Jeff  Davis. 

o.  Therefore  the  tive  Abolition  Governor.s  gathered  their  armies  to > 
gether  and  went  up  and  camped  before  Manassas,  and  made  war  against 
Virginia* 

tj.  And  the  men  of  Virginia  sent  unto  Jeff  Davis,  at  Montgomery, 
saying:  Slack  not  thy  hand  from  thy  servants,  but  come  up  to  us  quick- 
ly and  save  us,  and  help  us;  for  ail  the  Abolitionists  of  the  North  are 
gathered  together  against  us. 

7.  So  Jeff  Davis  ascended  from  Montgomery,  and  all  the  men  of  valor 
with  him, 

8.  And  the  Lord  discomlitted  them  before  the  children  of  the  South, 
and  they  were  slain  with  a  great  slaughter  at  Manassas,  and  they' were 
chased  along  the  way  that  goeth  up  to  Centrevillc,  and  smitten  to  Alex* 
audria,  and  near  unto  Washington  City. 

And  it  came  to  pass,  as  they  fled  from  before  the  children  of  the 
South,  that  there  were  more  that  died  from  fear  than  were  slain  by  the 
sword. 

For  there  w^s  no  day  like  that  before  it,  for  the  Lord  fought  for  tbc 
children  of  the  South. 

And  Jeff.  Davis  said.  Stay  ye  not,  but  pursne  after  your  eaemies,  an<i 
amitc  the  hindmost  of  them,  and  suffer  them  not  to  enter  their  cities. 

And  Jeff,  ^<aid  to  the  children  ot  tbe  South,  Fear  not,  for  thus  shall 
the  Lord  di»  to  all  your  enemies. 

But  we  did  not,  as  Joshua  commanded,  puisuo  our  enemies  and  smite 
the  hinduio.st  of  them.  Our  great  victory  at  Manassag  has  given  our 
Cabinet,  an  i  some  of  our  people,  an  ovcr'dae  confidence  as  to  the  just- 
ness of  our  cause,  and  the  interposition  of  an  over-ruling  Providenc- 
in  our  behalf.  So  i^uch  so,  in  fact,  as  to  have  paralized  and  defeated 
some  of  the  most  important  schemes  and  measures  for  the  prosecution 
of  an  aggressive  war,  which  is  ihe  only  means  of  saving  our  soil  from 
invasion,  and  obtaining  an  honorable  peace.  We  are  now  paying  dearly 
for  inactivity,  for  an  uuwise  defense  policv,  and  truitless,  we  might  say. 
though  in  other  words  it  will  be  fruitful— but  in  the  cost  and  price  of 
much  blood  and  treasure. 

Go  on.  Sir,  go  on!  should  have  been  our  maxim  from  the  earliest 
commencement  cf  our  national  struggle  for  independence.  Arago  says 
in  his  Autobiography,  that  his  master  in  mathematics  has  a  word  or 
two  of  advice  which  he  found  in  the  binding  o(  one  of  hia  text-books. 
Puzzled  and  discouraged  by  the  difficulties  which  he  met  with  in  his 
early  studies,  he  was  almost' ready  to  give  over  the  pursuit.  Some  wo'-ds 
which  he  found  on  the  waste  leaf,  used  to  stiffen  the  cover  of  his  paper- 
bound  text-book,  caught  his  eyes,  and  interested  him.  "Impelled," 
he  says,  "  by  an  indefinable  curiosity,  I  damped  the  cover  of  the  book 
and    carefully  unrolled  the  leaf  to  see  what  was  on  the  other    side.    It 


33 

proved  to  be  a  short  letter  from  D'Alembert  to  a  young  person  dis- 
heartened hke  rnyself  by  the  difficulties  of  mathematical  study,  who 
bad  written  to  him  forcouasel.  '  Go  on,  Sir,  go  on,'  was  the  counsel 
which  D'Alembert  gave  him.  Tbe  difficulties  you  meet  with  dissolve  ag 
you  advance.  Proceed,  and  light  will  dawn  and  shine  with  iucreasinc 
clearnetL,  ou  your  path.'  ^ 

-  "J^^  maxim,"  says  Arago,  "  was  my  greatest  master  in  mathemat- 
ics. l^oUowing  out  those  simple  words,  "Go  on.  Sir,  go  on,"  made 
him  the  first  astronomical  mathematician  of  his  aee. 

Had  our  Cabinet  pursued  a  policy  in  keeping  wilh  D'Alembert'^  max- 
im—had  they  said  to  our  noble  army,  Go  ou,  Sir,  goon,  and  pursued 
the  flying  Hessians  in  their  precipitate  and  panic-«stricken  flight  from 
Manassas,  and  continued  a  vigorous  aggressive  war  policy  against  an 
unprincipled  and  demoralized  foe -we  would  now  have  possession  of 
every  Soutnern  State,  and  probablv  would  have  had  peace  long  ere 
this.  Butamultiplicitly  of  specuUators  and  contractors  in  army  sup- 
plies have    been  crowding  around,  and  beseeching  their  friends  in  the 

«^n  ^^'  ^°  pursue  a  strictly  defensive  policy,  m  order  to  protract  the  war 
to  fill  their  pockets.  Others  may  bave  had  au  eve  to  a  more  effectual 
and  complete  separation  of  tbe  South  from  the  North  by  a  protracted 
war.  '     ^ 


.     THE  SCENEB  OF  A  YANKEE  MAECH. 

A  short  time  previous  to  the  final  attack  on  Fort  Henry,  the  Yankee?, 
several  thousand  strong,  marched  out  (o  make  a  reconnoisance  in  force 
m  that  direction.  They  went  within  a  few  miles  of  Fort  Henry  and 
then  returned.  The  scenes  of  the  return  march  are  thus  described  by 
a  correspondent  of  the  Chicago  Tribune: 

The  march  has  been,  1  am  sorry  to  say,  a  most  disgraceful  one.  Pil- 
lage, arson,  murder,  have  been  its  accompaniments.  The  population 
have  fled  precipitately  before  the  approach  of  the  column,  and  their 
houses  have  been  stripped  of  everything  portable— useful  or  otherwise 
—and  that  which  was  not  portable  has  been  destroyed.  One  fine  coun- 
try residence  was  burned  to  the  ground,  and  another  was  fired  and  par- 
tially burned,  a  tine  tobacco  house  was  laid  in  rams.  From  tbe  village 
of  Mayfield  to  the  Tennes.'ee  river,  if  there  is  a  domestic  fowl,  ca'f,  pig, 
or  anything  living  that  could  furnish  toed  for  men  du>guGted  with  Lard 
bread  and  salt  meat,  left  alive,  it  is  because  it  failed  of  being  discov- 
ered. Tbe  villaga  of  Murray  was  litterally  pillaged  of  every  thing. — 
Stores,  shops  and  houses  were  broken  open,  and  everything  that  could 
appeal  to  a  soldier's  fancy  was  taken  away.  We  have  been  followed  in- 
to this  camp  by  scores  of  farmers  searching  for  mules  and  horses 
that  have  been  driven  oti"  by  the  straggling  soldiers.  A  general  order 
has  been  ispupd  to  commanders  of  regiments  to  have  all  such  j-roperly 
turned  loose  before  leaving  this  place.  A  straggling  soldier  on  the 
march,  was  accosted  by  a  citizen  on  discovering  him  behind  his  premi- 
ses, when  words  rau  high,  resulting  in  a  taunt  from  the  citizen  that  the 
Yankee  soldiers  were  all  d—d  cowaVds,  whereupon  tbe  soldier  delib- 
erately fixed  his  bayonet,  and  ran  the  citizen  through,  killing  him  in* 
slantly.  ^  It  is  reported  that  a  citizen  of  Mayfield  was  shot  by  the  solr 
diery.  Still  another  case  of  a  person  being  killed  between  Murray  and 
this  placets  reported  The  citizens,  maddened  to  frenzy,  have  finally 
armed  themselves  as  best  they  can,  and  are  hanging  on  our  rear,  shoot- 
ing down  stragglers.  Pickets  are  also  suffering  the  consequences  of 
this  inhuman  warfare.  Two  pickets  of  the  second  Hlinois  cavalry,  who 
were  out  night  before  last,  have  not  returned  nor  been  heard  from. 


33 

The  eonBequeDCcs  of  such  a  march  through  territory  of  which  a  por^ 
»ton  of  the  iahabitaats  at  least  are  friends,  and  all  sought  to  be  made 
>>uch,  must  be  apparent  to  all.  Our  cnpuiics  will  be  multiplied,  and  our 
friends  proportiouately  decr-^asod.  Tne  people  of  Western  Keutucky 
bave  had  a  severe  lesson,  and  will  ever  hereafter  shudder  at  the  an- 
nouncement of  the  approach  of  the  Federal  army. 

The  above  is  an  account  furnished  a  Lincoln  paper  by  a  Vankec  cor^* 
respondent.  Verily  by  their  own  deeds  and  words  they  are  condemned. 
All  civilized  mankind  should  know  the  motives  and  barbarities  of  oiir 
ruthless  and  mercenary  foe. 


SHARP  SABRES  FOR  CAVALRY- 

Capt.  Nolan,  who  \vas  killed  in  the  celebrated  charge  on  the  Russian 
hne  at  Bulaklava,  before  Sebastopol,  by  the  "Light  Bric;ade,"  was  con- 
sidered one  of  the  ablest  cavalry  olGcers  iu  the  British  army.  Havini; 
seen  mnch  .••ervice  in  the  Oriental  war*,  his  experience  there,  suggested 
many  improvements,  and  the  f>>llo\ving,  which  we  (;0[)V  from  ao  old 
Lnglish  paper,  may  be.valuable  t  >  us  in  the  present  state  o!  atlairs,  when 
we  must  largely  depend  upon  irregular  cavalry  to  harass  the  enemy  in 
Tennessee  and  elsewhere,  and  confine  him  to  the  towns  and  torts  he 
may  hold : 

Capt.  Nolan  would  improve  this  arm  of  our  cavalry,  -and  especially 
desires  to  see  that  an  end  should  be  put  to  the  existing  method  of  getting 
the  sword  edge  as  blunt  as  the  top  ot  a  five  barred  gate  before  the  sol- 
dier is  sent  out  to  meet  his  enemy.  The  blunting  of  the  swords  iu  the 
steel  scabbaids  is  no  theoietical  disadvantage  to  the  cavalry  arm  in 
I'Juropean  armies.  The  use  of  wooden  scabbards,  which  have  been 
found  to  be  no  less  durable,  or  more  likely  to  break  than  those  of  steei, 
would  get  nd  of  a  defect,  the  seriousness  of  which  is  suggested  to  ii> 
very  forcibly  in  the  succeeding  extract: 

When  I  was  in  India,  an  engagement  between  a  party  of  the  N'izim'.s 
irregular  horse  ana  a  numerous  body  of  insurgents  took  place,  in  which 
ihe  horsemen,  though  greatly  inferior  in  numbers,  defeated  the  R-ibii- 
lasjwith  great  slaughter. 

My  attention  was  drawn  particularly  to  Ihc  fight  by  the  doctor's  re 
port  of  the  killed  and  wounded,  most  of  whom  bad  suffered  by  the 
svvord;  and  in  the  column  of  remarks,  such  entries  as  the  follovnig 
were  numerous: 

"  Arm  cut  ftom  the  shoulder." 

"Head  severed  "' 

"  Both  hands  cut  oft'— apparently  at  one  blow— above  the  wr'st^,  m 
holding  up  the  hands  to  protect  the  head." 

"  Leg  cut  off  above  the  knee,"  &c.,  &c. 

I  was  astonished.  "Were  these  men  giants,  to  lop  of  limbs  thus  wii-tit- 
sale?  or  was  the  result  to  be  attributed,  as  1  was  told,  to  the  sharp  edge 
of  the  native  blade,  and  the  peculiar  way  of  drawing  it? 

1  became  anxious  to  see  those  horsemen  of  the  N  zam,  t(»  examiue 
their  wonderful  blades,  and  learn  the  art  ol  lopping  otf  men's  limb  -. 

Opportunity  soon  offered- for  the  Commander-in-Chief  went  to  Hys 
derbad  on  a  tour  of  inspection,  on  which  1  accompauied  him.  After 
passing  the  Kistua  river,  a  squadron  of  these  horsemen  joined  the  c  imp, 
as  part  of  the  escort. 

And  now  fancy  my  astonishment! 


34 

The  sword  blades  they  had  were  chiefly  old  dragoon  blades  cast  from 
our  service.  The  men  bad  mounted  them  after  their  own  fashion.  The 
hilt  and  handle — both  of  metal — small  in  the  grip,  rather  flat — not  round 
like  ours,  where  the  edge  seldom  falls  true  ;  they  all  had  an  edge  like  a 
razor  from  heel  to  point,  were  worn  in  wooden  scabbards,  a  short,  single 
sling  held  them  to  the  waist  belt,  from  which  a  strap  passed  through  the 
hilt  to  a  button  in  front,  to  keep  the  sword  steady,  and  prevent  it  flying 
out  of  the  scabbard. 

The  swords  are  never  drawn  except  in  action. 

Thinking  the  wooden  scabbards  might  be  objected  to  as  not  suitable 
for  campaigning,  I  got  a  return  from  one  of  those  regiments,  and  found 
the  average  of  broken  seaboards  below  that  of  the  regulars,  who  have 
steel  ones.  The  steel  is  snapped  by  a  kick  or  a  fall;  the  wood  being 
elastic,  bends.  They  are  not  in  the  man's  way  -,'  when  dismounted,  they 
do  not  got  between  bis  legs  and  trip  him  up ;  they  make  no  noise— a 
soldier  on  sentry  of  a  dark  night  might  move  about  without  betraying 
his  position  to  an  enemy  by  the  clauKing  of  the  rings  against  the  scab- 
bard. All  that  rattling  noise  in  column,  which  announces  its  approach 
when  miles  off,  and  makes  it  so  difficult  to  hear  a  word  of  command  in 
the  ranks,  is  thus  got  rid  of ;  as  well  as  the  necessity  of  wrapping  straw 
or  hay  round  tbe  scabbards,  as  now  customary  when  engaged  in  any 
service  in  which  an  attempt  is  to  be  made  to  surprise  the  enemy. 

An  old  trooper  of  the  Nizam's  told  me  the  old  broad  English  blades 
were  in  great  favor  with  them,  when  mounted  and  kept  as  above  de*' 
scribed  ;  but  as  we  wore  tbeni  they  were  good  for  nothing  in  their  hands. 
I  said : 

"  How  do  you  strike  with  your  swords,  to  cut  ofi'  men's  limbs  ?" 

"  Strike  hard,  sir!"  said  the  old  trooper. 

"Yes,  of  course,  but  how  do  you  teach  the  men  to  use  their  swords  in 
that  particular  way  V"  (drawing  it.) 

*•  We  never  teach  them  any  way,  sir;  a  sharp, sword  will  cut  in  any 
one's  hand  !  "  " 

Had  our  men  wore  aims  like  these  in  the  Sikh  war,  the  enemy's 
horsemen  would  not  have  met  them  with  such  confidence  in  single  com- 
bat ;  their  trenchant  blades  woul(5  have  inspired  respect — the  use  of 
them  would  have  carried  terr.jr  into  the  ranks  of  the  foe. 

It  IS  well  known  that  beyond  the  effect  of  the  moment  severe  wounds 
inflicted  in  action  have  a  depressing  moral  effect  on  the  enemy. 

In  a  pamphlet,  published  in  Boriin,  on  cavalry  matters,  it  is  stated 
that  in  1842  the  wounds  intiic'ed  by  the  Russian  horsemen  inspired  such 
awe  that  nothing  but  the  point  ot  honor  and  e-^pjit  du  corps  could  bring 
the  Prussian  hoise  toclos'i  with  them 

Oaptain  Fitzgerald,  of  the  14th  Uragnons,  rtccivod  a  sword  wound  at 
Ramnugger,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  died.  A  Sikh,  on  foot, 
crouched  under  a  shield,  cut  at  him  from  behind.  The  sword  exposed 
the  spinal  marrow,  entering  the  skull  at  the  same  time. 

A  huge  drugoon  of  the  regiment  was  found  quite  dead— his  head  had 
dropped  forward  from  a  cut  on  the  btck  of  the  neck,  which  had  severed 
the  spine;  and  at  this  very  action,  it  is  said,  that  whilst  our  poor  fellows 
labored  in  vain  to  draw  blood,  a  toucti  from  the  Sikh's  sword  across 
the  arm  or  leg  left  the  bold  Knglishmeu  at  their  mercy,  and  they  soou 
hacked  them  to  pieces. 

One  ofhcer,  who  was  in  the  campaign,  said  he  saw  an  English  dragoon 
putting  his  hands  to  the  reins,  to  try  and  turn  his  horse,  when  a  native 
horseman,  dropping  his  sword  across  them,  took  off  both  hands  above 
the  wri<?t. 

A  Sikh,  after  the  retreat  of  our  cavalrv  at  Chiilianwalla,  galloped  up 
to  the  horse  artillery,  cut  down  and  killed  the  two  men  on  the  leading 


M* 


35 

horse  of  tbe  guo,  one  after  the  other,  and  approached  (he  third— a  cool 
fellow  who,  seeing  how  badly  his  comrades  had  conoe  off  with  their 
swords,  instead  ot  drawing  his,  stuck  to  his  whip,  with  which  he  flogged 
off  his  assailant's  horse,  and  thus  saved  hiniself. 

A  squadron  of  the  3d  Dragoons  charged  a  goel  of  Sikh  horsemen,  uns 
der  Major  Unette,  and  he  himself  told  me  that  they  opened  out,  giving 
just  sufficient  room  for  the  tquadron  to  enter.  The  diagoon  on  tbe 
left  of  the  :ront  rank,  going  in  at  the  charge,  gave  point  at  tbe  Sikh 
next  him;  the  sword  stuck  in  the  lower  part  of  his  body,  but  did  not 
penetrate  suflBciently  to  disable  hmi ;  so  the  Sikh  cut  back,  hit  the  dra-» 
goon  across  the  mouth,  and  took  his  head  off. 

Jjct  us  by  all  means  have  sharp  sabres,  with  scubbards  as  above 
stated,  for'we  have  plenty  of  good  horsemen  to  use  them  tn  the  des- 
truction of  our  dastardly  too.  T,         lU 

Would  that  I  could  wield  teu  thousand  sabres,  I  declare,  as  I  live,  they 
should  all  be  drawn  with  the  most  deadly  aim  and  purpose,  until  every 
foot  of  Southern  soil  were  freed  from  the  polluting  tread  of  fiincoln's 
vandalic  Hessian  hircliug?. 

;  THE  MECHANIC. 

Having  been  a  mechanic  ever  since  our  school- days,  we  take  the 
liberty  to  say  a  few  words  in  their  defence.  We  say  defence,  becauee 
we  know  mechanics  are  looked  upon  by  many  as  au  order  of  beings,  a 
little  inferior  to  some  being;s  who  were  born  (whether  fortunately  or  uu- 
fortunately  is  a  matter  of  doubt,)  with  a  silver  spoon  iu  their  mouthn. 
We  should  like  to  ask  these  people  what  they  would  do  without  mechan- 
ics in  their  thousand  and  one  vocations  V  What  single  blessing  do  yeu 
enjoy  aside  from  the  spontaneous  productions  of  bounteous  nature,  in 
which  the  mechanic  has  no  hand  V  Your  churches  are  built  and  bcauti- 
tied  by  him,  the  Bible  that  rests  upon  the  pulpit  has  passed  through  his 
hands.  Your  rail-roads,  your  magnetic  telegraphs,  vour  stcamboato, 
your  fleets  and  your  manufactories,  are  all  planned  by  his  brain,  and  put 
into  shape  by  his  hands.  You  depend  upon  him  for  your  halls  of  learn- 
ing, your  repositories  of  art,  your  libraries,  and  cvcu  for  your  written  or 
printed  language  in  any  form  whatever.  Your  homos,  with  every  inter- 
nal article  of  convenience  or  taste,  emanate  from  him. 

To-day  the  timber  stands  iu  its  native  forests— to-morrow  it  is  con- 
verted by  the  mechanic's  skill  into  multifarious  forms  ot  utility  and 
beauty.  The  very  coat  on  your  back,  once  wool,  was  carded,  s}>un,  wos 
ven  and  finished  by  mechanical  skill.  No  "iie  who  has  about  him  the 
attributes  of  a  man  ever  turns  up  his^nosc  at  a  mechanic  ;  but  among  the 
female  portion  of  the  community  wc  sec  contempt  for  the  artizan.  La- 
dies! will  vou  inform  us  what  class  of  people  you  depend  on  the  most 
to  enable  you  to  make  an  agreeable  appearance  in  society?  Is  it  the 
minister,  the  lawyer,  the  doctor,  the  gentleman  of  wealth  and  leisure, 
or  the  despised  mechanic  and  laborer,  male  or  female  ?  The  silks,  the 
laces  and  the  gew-gaws  with  which  you  deck  your  persons,  tbe  books 
with  which  you  store  your  minds  with  knowledge,  or  pass  a  leisure 
hour,  all  come  from  them.  And  the  rings,  set  with  diamonds  and  prC' 
cious  stones,  you  love  so  well  to  display,  and  often  even  the  color  to  your 
cheeks,  comes  from  the  skill  of  the  mechanic. 

Then  I  say,  give  them  credit  for  all  they  deserve,  and  encourage  them 
as  they  toil  on  from  day  to  day,  working  under  God,  such  wonderful  and 
beneficial  changes  in  all  the  departments  of  life.  We  say  wonderful. 
Could  the  public  understand  and  feel  how  many  discouragements  the 
thinking,  inventing  mechanics  labor  under,  they  would  wonder  in  truth 
at  his  perseverance.    They  toil  on  day  alter  day;  they,  too,  burn  the 


'  midnight  oil,'  and  all  that  they  realise  from  the  pubHc  is  a  mere  pit- 
tance of  what  they  deserve,  and  even  that  i3  almost  forced  from  those 
who  receive  the  principal  benefit  of  all  their  discoveries. 

iSoriHERN  Confederation. 


THE  BATTLE  CRY  OF  THE  SOUTH. 

BY   JAMES   R.    KANDALL, 

Arm  jonrseUes  and  be  valiant  men,  and  see  that  we  be  m  readmess 
against  tbo  morning,  that  je  may  fight  with  these  nations  that  are  as- 
sembled against  us,  to  destroy  us  and  our  sanctuary. 

For  It  is  better  for  us  to  die'in  battile  than  to  behold  the  calamities  of 
our  people  and  our  sanctuary.— (Maccabees,  1.) 

Brothers!  the  thunder  cloud  is  black, 

And  the  wail  of  the  South  wings  fonh  ; 
Will  ye  cringe  to  the  hot  tornado's  rack, 

And  the  vampires  of  the  North? 
Btnke!  ye  can  with  a  martyr's  goal  ; 

Strike 'with  a  ruthless  hand— 
StrikftI  with  the  vengeance  of  the  soul 
For  your  bright,  beleaguered  land! 

To  arms!  to  arms!  for  the  South  needs  hop, 

And  a  craven  is  he  who  flees — 
tor  ye  have  the  sword  of  ihe  Lion's  Whelp, ^ 
And  the  God  of  the  Maccabees! 

Arise  !  though  the  stars  have  a  rugged  glare, 
And  the  moon  has  a  wrath-blurred  crown— 
Broihersl  a  blessing  is  ambushed  there, 

Iii  the  cliffs  of  the   Faihei'a  frown  : 
Arise!  ye  are  worthy  the  wondrous  I'ght 

Which  the  Sun  of  Justice  gives— 
In  the  caves  and  sepulchres  of  night 
Jehovah,  the  Lord  King  lives! 

To  arms!  to  arms!  tor  the  South  needs  help, 

And  a  craven  is  he  who  flees— 
For  ye  have  the  sword  of  the  Lion'-d  Whelp, 
And  the  God  o(  the  Maccabees ! 

Think  of  the  dead  by  the  Tennessee, 

Id  their  frozen  shrouds  of  gore- 
Think  of  the  mothers  who  shall  see 

Those  darling  eyes  uo  more! 
Bui  better  are  they  in  a  neio  grave 

Than  the  serfs  of  time  and  breath, 
F.ir  they  are  the  Children  of  the  Brav(^ 
Aui!  the  Cherubim  of  Death! 

To  arms!  tu  arms  !   for  the  South  ueeda  help. 

And  a  craven  is  he  who    flees— 
Fur  ye  have  the  sword  of  the  Lion's  Whelp, 
And  t!ie  God  of  the  Maccabees! 

*  The  surname  of  the  great  Maccabees. 


37 

Better  the  cbaraels  of  the  West, 

And  a  hecatomb  of  lives, 
Than  the  foul  invader  as  a  guest, 

'Mid  your  sisters  and  your  wives— 

But  a  spirit  lurketh  in  every  maid, 

Though,  brothers,  ye  should  quail, 
To  sharpen  a  Judith's  lurid  blade. 
And  the  livid  spike  of  Jael ! 

To  armsl  to  arms!  (or  the  South  needs  help, 

And  a  craven  is  he  who  flees  — 
For  ye  have  the  sword  ot  the  Lion's  Whelp, 
And  the  God  of  the  Maccabees ! 

Brothers  I  I  see  you  tramping  by, 

With  the  gladiator  gaze, 
And  your  shout  is  the  Macedonian  cry 

Of  the  old  heroic  days  I 
March  on  !  with  trumpet  and  with  drum, 

With  rifle,  pike  and  dart, 
And  die — if  even  death  must  come — 
Upon  your  couctiy's  heart. 

To  arms  I  to  arms  !  for  the  South  needs  help 

And  a  craven  is  he  who  flees — 
For  ye  have  the  sword  of  the  Lion's  Whelj) 
And  the  God  of  the  Maccabets  ! 

Brothers!  the  thunder  cloud  is  black, 

And  the  wail  of  the  South  wings  forth  ; 
Will  ye  cringe  to  the  hot  tornado's  rack. 

And  the  Vampires  of  the  North? 
Strike!  yc  can  win  a  martyr's  goal, 

Strike  !  with  a  ruthless  hand  ; 
Strike!  with  the  vengeance   of  the  soul 
For  your  bright,  beleaguered  land  1 

To  arms  !    to  arms!  for  the  South  ncciK,  hdj 

And  a  craven  is  he  who   flees — 
For  ye  have  the  sword  of  the  Limi's  Whelp 
And  the  God  of  the  Maccabees! 


Never  Say  Dit.— In  the  lievoluticn  there  was  more  tiuflerin^  nod 
more  destitution  than  will  happen  to  ns  if  the  war  should  lust  for  titty 
years.  We  are  in  a  bet  (or  position  for  carrying  on  a  war  than  almost 
every  other  people,  and  should  be  the  last  to  complain  of  hardships. 
What  if  Ea!i;!aucl.  France,  and  other  foreitrn  nations  stand  ia  their  own 
light,  and  do  no*.  rcct><:r!iz3  us,  au'i  allow  the  Federal  fleet  to  close 
our  ports  !  Are  wt;  not  inpiring  them  as  much,  if  not  more,  than  they 
can  possibly  damage  ns?  Trur,  it  would  be  very  pleasant  to  bavt' 
dcily  arrivals  of  vessels  in  our  ports,  loaded  with  the  niiinv  a'tides 
that  would  add  to  the  eth'neocy  of  our  army  and  the  ciniCori  of  our 
people.  Bui  as  long  as  it  is  not  so,  we  should  enduro  it.  We  are  in 
R3  holy  a  struggle— one  in  which  as  many  interests  of  the  present,  as 
well  as  future  generations,  are  involved  -as  were  those  who  marched 
birefoot  through  the  snow  and  left  behind  them  tracks  of  blood.  If 
18  not  likely  that  such  a  thirg  wi.l  happen  to  our  soidiers,  fit  Irast  for 
a  long  time  to  come. — Montgomery  Mail. 

January  18, 1862. 


^  38 

OUK  KEVOLUTION, 

Termed  a  great  rebellion  b}'  the  Lincoln  editor  of  tbe  Chicago  Tri.. 
bune,  m  his  issue  of  the  11th  December,  IS*)],  gives  the  following  short 
paragraph  of  reference : 

"  Tbe  budget  of  news  from  the  South  we  are  able  lo  prei-eut  this 
moruing,  will -be  found  unusually  full  and  interesting,  and  from  all  tbe 
principal  points  of  yecessia.  Such  news  should  be  read,  to  givp  an 
adequate  idea  of  (he  great  rebellion  ;  that  in  the  mouths  past,  while  war 
baa  been  in  progress,  the  South  has  been  developing  resources,  and 
muscularizing  its  power  of  self-support  and  resistance.  It  is  stronger 
to-day  than  it  was  six  months  ago.  The  Government  and  the  people 
of  the  loyal  States  must  understand  this  thing  as  it  is,  and  learn  that  if 
we  have  any  hopes  of  crushing  out  the  rebellion  and  restoring  the  na'' 
tionai  boundaries,  it  must  be  by  the  use  of  tbe  means  God  has  given  us, 
and  the  rules  of  war  allow,  and  wo  are  fast  getting  over  our  squeamish- 
ness  on  the  point. 

The  truth  is  dawning  on  the  North,  and  it  is  beginning  to  realize  the 
(act  so  mortifying  to  its  vanity  and  swelling  pride,  that  the  "  universal 
Yankee  nation"  is  no  longer  universal  on  this  continent;  but  that 
there  is  another  Power  la  North  America,  a  strong,  self-reliant,  inde- 
pent  Power,  which  divides  tbe  empire  of  the  West  with  it,  and  defies 
Its  worst  efforts  to  strangle  the  inlunt  Hercules  in  the  very  cradle  of 
his  birth.  It  is  beginning  to  comprehend  the  magnitude  and  hopeless- 
ness of  its  subjugation  undertaken  by  any  practice  of  ordinary  warfare, 
aud  to  confess  to  itself  that  its  enemy  is  too  'ruich  for  it. 

The  wiser  men  o!  tbe  North  begin  to  see,  iu  the  initiatory  develop- 
ment of  our  internal  resources  for  supporting  a  sudden  and  tremen- 
dous  conflict  which  found  us  utterly  unprepared,  save  in  spirit,  the  ex- 
istence of  capacities  which  promise  our  country  vast  consequence  and 
wealth  iu  peace  as  well  as  in  war.  Tbe  conviction  is  forcing  itself  upon 
their  senses,  that  as  a  rival  power,  the  South  will  be  the  strongest  on 
this  continent,  enabled  by  her  own  strength,  and  by  the  favor  which 
she  is  able  to  purchase  ot  European  Powers  in  the  reciprocities  of  corns 
luerce,  to  treat  the  North  with  decisive  independence  rf  action  in  in-« 
terDaiinijal  relations,  and  fo  command  the  terms  of  maintenance  of 
friendly  lelations. 

Foreiieeing  this  future,  the  politiciaus  of  the  North  are  willing  to  ems 
ploy  the  most  barbarous  and  merciless  means  in  a  great,  final  effort  to 
crush  ihe  rising  Power  in  the  infancy  of  her  nationality  ;  so  earnest  are 
they  iu  this  purpose,  aud  so  fervent  is  their  hate  and  passion,  that 
wrong  is  become  right  in  their  convictions,  aud  all  instincts  and  teach- 
ings of  humanity,  Christianity,  and  self-respect,  are  classed  as"pqueam- 
ishness,"  because  thev  militate  against  their  assumed  pohcy,  and  their 
fierce  desires  for  bloody  revenge.  It  is  well  for  us  that  our  ruthlesn 
enemies  do  not  pos?css  the  power  which  they  fancy  they  can  wield  ot 
exterminating  our  people  amid  the  fire  and  slaughter  of  st-rvile  insur- 
rection. Did  (hey  possess  this  power  they  would  use  it,  without  doubt, 
aud  with  ehouts  of  joy  consign  us  all— men,  women,  and  children—to 
destruction.  The  deluded  population  of  the  North,  wearied  with  the 
war,  and  mortified  by  aclvcrscs,  are  beginning  to  clamor  to  their  gnv« 
ernmeut  to  exercise  the  power  which  ii  has  assured  them  it  possesses, 
and  utterly  destroy  the  Southernlpeople.  They  are  constantly  receiving 
their  punishment  for  presumption  and  cruelty,  but  the  future  has  in 
store  for  them  a  measure  of  woe  which  they  must  drain  to  its  bitter 
dregs  of  shame,  beggary  aud  anarchy." 


39 

VALUABLE    EECIPES. 

How  TO  Make  Good  Botter.— Now  that  the  South  is  forced  to  supply 
itself  wifh  butter,  some  hints  as  to  the  process  m  making  it  will  be 
found   useful. 

The  first  great  essential  in  butter  making  is  cleanliness.  The  milks 
house,  spring-house,  vault,  or  whatever  the  i»lace  in  which  milk  iskept, 
should  be  clean  and  sweet  in  every  particular.  The  walls  should  be 
whiie.^washed  at  least  every  three  or  four  weeks,  and  the  arrangements 
for  ventilation  should  be  such  as  will  give,  whenever  desired,  full  in- 
gress to  fresh  air.  Ture,  swet-t  air,  is  absolutely  necessary  to  the  mak- 
ing of  pure  sweet  butter.  The  milk  vessels  must  also  be  kept  per- 
fectly clean.  This  can  only  be  done  by  regular  and  frequent  washicp, 
scalding  and  scouring,  and  drying  in  tnc  sun. 

iSkimmingof  the  cream,  is  the  nextpoint  of  importance.  Itshould 
be  done  wiih  great  care;  taking  as  little  of  the  niilk  with  it  as  pcssi.- 
ble.  The  purer  the  cream,  the  better  the  butter  wi  11  be  and  easier  the 
churning.  The  cream  should  be  churned,  at  the  furtherest,  at  thirty- 
six  Lours  from  the  time  it  is  drawn  trom  the  cow.  If  Icfi  R  longer 
tirne,  the  cream  assumes  a  strong  taste,  which  spoils  the  flavor  of  the 
butter.     Besides  that,  it  is  more  difficult  to  churn. 

The  tempeialurc  of  the  cream  is  also  very  important,  and  should  re- 
ceive the  dairy  woman's  close  attention,  if  she  wishes  to  save  her?elf  a 
large  outlay  of  time  and  labor.  From  55  to  60  deg.  is  abcut^hc  temr. 
peratuie.  If  below  this,  the  buttery  particles  do  not  separate  readily, 
and  if  above  it,  the  color,  flavor  and  consistency  of  the  butler  are  all 
injured. 

When  the  butter  begins  to  form,  a  little  cold  water  should  be  poured 
into  the  churn,  and  the  dasher  moved  slowly  back  and  forth,  in  order 
to  prevent  the  butter  from  closing  too  rapidly,  while  at  the  same  time 
il  gives  every  particle  of  cream  a  chance  to  furnish  its  quota  of  butter. 

Where  in  the  winter  season,  but  few  cows  are  kept,  and  it  is  not  con" 
venirnt  i(<  have  the  milksroom  slightly  warmed,  as  is  usually  done  in 
large  d.iines,  it  is  advisable  to  place  the  cream  by  the  stove,  keeping  it 
well  stirred,  so  that  the  temperature  may  be  the  same  throughout  the 
cuiiie  «iuantiiy.  A  thermometer  should  be  regardedas  an  indiepensi- 
ble  Jippfudngc  to  every  dairy.  Where  a  thermometer  is  not  convcnif ut, 
the  proper  temperature  of  the  cream  may  be  pretty  closely  determined 
by  testing  it  with  the  finger.  It  should  not  feel  quite  so  warm  as  new 
milk. 

Upon  the  proi>cr  working  of  butter  depends  much  of  its  superiority 
Machiu!  s  for  the  purpose  have  been  invented,  but  where  the  quantity 
to  work  IS  not  hirgo,  the  butterxspoon  or  ladle  will  answer  every  pur' 
po.sc.  ri(j  long  as  a  drop  of  milk,  however  minute,  oozes  from  the  mass 
when  cut  down  with  the  spoon,  so  long  should  the  working  be  con - 
tinned. 

There  is  no  fixed  rule  fur  salting  butter,  some  preferring  more,  and 
some  less  salt.  An  ounce  of  salt  to  the  i)ound,  is  the  quantity  general- 
ly used.  After  the  salt  has  been  worked  in,  the  butter  should  beat 
lowed  to  stand  twenty-four  hours,  and  then  be  worked  over  again.  By 
the  second  working,  it  is  not  only  rendered  more  solid  and  compact, 
but  the  salt  is  more  thorougtily  incorporated,  the  streaks  are  avoided 
and  the  butter  will  keep   sweet  a  longer  time. 

A  Preventivk  for  Pneumonia. — Take  one  tcaspoonful  of  flour  of  sul- 
pher  every  night  on  going  to  bed. 


40 

TO  PEESERVE  BUTTER 

Take  two  quarts  of  best  common  salt,  one  ounce  of  sugar,  one  ounce 
saltpetre,  all  linely  pulverized  and  dry;  then  thoroughly  mix  the  whole 
together  and  take  one  ounce  of  ihe  mixture  for  each  pound  of  butter, 
work  well    into  the  mass  and  close  it  up  for  use. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  butter  ihus  prepared  requires  to  stand 
a  month  before  rt  is  ready  for  use.  If  it  is  sooner  opened  the  salt  is 
not  suflSciently  blended  with  it,  and  sometimes  the  coolness  of  the  salt- 
petre will  be  perceived,  which. totally  disappears  afterwards. 

Butter  being  prepared  for  immediate  use,  had  better  be  put  up  with- 
out the  saltpetre,  but  the  sugar  in  the  proportions  above  given,  may  be 
used  with  great  advantage,  as  the  sugar  gives  butler  an  extra  good 
flavor,  and  has  a  tendency  to  keep  it  sweet,  and  prevent  its  becoming 
rancid. 

This  receipe  I  obtained  from  au  old  doctor,  a  resident  practitioner 
in  South-western  Texas,  with  whom  I  remained  several  months  in  the 
winter  of  1S60.  One  morning  at  breakfast,  I  expressed  particular 
fondness  for  bis  butter,  with  the  remark  that  I  thought  it  more  sweet, 
and  having  a  better  flavor  than  any  I  had  ever  before  tasted.  Where- 
upon the  doctor  informed  me  it  was  of  his  own  curing,  and  would  keep 
good  a  long  time,  (several  years  )  During  the  summer  months  he  usu- 
ally cures  his  butter  and  lays  up  a  supply  for  the  winter.  After  much 
perseve*rence  I  succeeded  in  obtaining  the  secret.  liutter  thus  pros 
pared  can  be  preserved  in  any  climate. 
Respectfully, 

II.  W.  R.  JACKSON. 

Home-made  Soap  and  yrAKCH.— A  lady  sends  us  the  following  simple 
and  useful  recipe  for  making  soap  and  starch  : 

Put  up  the  bones  of  everything  for  a  fortnight,  and  then  boil  them  in 
strong  lye,  skimming  as  the  grease  rises.  The  next  day,  boil  the  grease 
with  strong  lye  until  it  becomes  soap.  Put  some  lime  in  the  lye-barrel, 
and  it  makes  much  better  soap.  All  of  my  starch  is  soft  hominy  or 
gruel  strained.  If  you  have  not  come  to  it  yet  try  it.  How  much  thia 
war  will  teach  us!— (Charleston  Mercury.) 

A  email  quantity  of  lime  put  into  the  ashes  through  the  entire  barrel, 
as  the  lye-barrel  is -being  prepared  or  set  up,  will  make  stronger  lye, 
cmsequently  better  soap.  A  very  smalljquantity  of  salt  added  to  the  so.* 
tond  boiling,  will  hasten  the  thickening  of  the  soap.         H.  W.  R.  J. 


Tomato  Catsup.  . .  Have  the  tomatoes  ripe  and  fresh  o8'  the  vines,  waah 
them  clean  in  cold  water,  and  put  them  immediately  into  the  kettle, 
crushing  each  one  in  the  hand  as  it  is  dropped  in  ;  hang  them  over  the 
fire  and  stir  occasionally,  until  they  boil  about  five  minutes;  then  strain, 
tirst  through  a  cullender,  and  next  through  a  sieve.  Get  the  liquid  over 
the  tire  again  soou  as  possible,  boil,  skim  and  stir,  until  it  is  reduced  at 
least  one-half— if  two-thirds,  all  the  better;  add  to  every  gallon  of  this 
condensed  liquor  two  teafSpoonsful  of  salt,  half  an  ounce  of  cayenne 
pepper,  some  of  black  pepper,  and  cloves,  a  pint  good  cider  vinegar,  with 
any  other  spice  to  palate.  We  prefer  an  ounce  of  mace,  and  four  ounces 
of  cinnamon,  to  the  gallon.  Catsup  prepared  this  way  tastes  of  the 
tomato,  and  will  keep  for  years,  either  in  bottles  or  a  large  stone  jug. 
When  required  for  use.  Just  shake  it,  and  pour  out. 


41 

Stabch  of  Home  Mandfacture.— We  commend  the  following  recipe 
for  making  starch  to  all  who  may  wish  to  try  it,  it  having  been  furnished 
us  by  one  who  has  tried  it,  and  who  knows  it  to  be  a  good  one.  This 
starch  will  be  found  as  good  an  article  as  that  which  comes  from  Yan- 
keedoodledom ; 

Take  a  peck  of  unground  wheat  of  the  best  quality  ;  pick  and  soak  it 
carefully.  Next  put  into  a  tub  ;  pour  on  sutficient  clear,  soft  water  to 
cover  it,  and  then  set  it  in  the  suo.  Be  sure  t3  change  the  water  every 
day,  keeping  it  in  the  Bun  as  much  as  possible,  or  an  equally  warm  place 
in  the  house,  should  the  weather  prove  unfavorable.  When  all  the 
grains  ot  wheat  have  become  quite  soft,  rub  it  well  in  your  hands,  and 
separate  it  from  the  husks,  which  must  be  thrown  into  another  tub. 
Let  the  soft  wheat  settle  in  a  mass,  and  then  pour  oft"  the  water  and  put 
on  fresh  ;  stir  it  well,  and  let  it  settle  again.  Repeat  this  every  day,  till  • 
the  last  water  comes  o!f  clear  and  colorless.  Then  poor  the  water  finally 
off.  Take  the  starch  out  of  the  tub,  collect  it  in  a  thin  bag,  and  hang  it 
for  a  few  days  in  the  sun  ;  after  which  spread  on  dishes  or  a  sheet  to 
dry.— NaihotUe  Gaz-dte. 

Meat  Preserved  in  Molasses. — "  Sugar- cured  hams"  have  long  been 
in  fashion  in  this  country.  They  are  moderately  salted,  and  sugar  or 
molasses  added  to  assist  in  their  preservation.  In  France,  all  sorts  of 
fresh  meats  have  be^^n.  L'Invention  asserts,  that  meat  may  be  pre** 
ser  ved  by  molasses  alone  in  the  most  perfect  manner,  and  witti  the  foN 
lowing  inDportant  advantages:  It  has  aft  agreeable  flavor,  it  produces 
no  scurvey  or  other  disorders  which  result  from  the  usy  of  salt  food, 
aud  it  maybe  prepared  at  a  moderate  price.  The  process  consists  simp- 
ly in  cutting  the  meat  into  pieces  ot  moderate  size,  and  dropping  them 
into  molasses,  such  as  is  obtained  from  the  sugar  manufactoriea  and 
refineries.  By  a  natural  process  of  osmose,  the  lighter  juices  of  the 
meat  pass  out,  and  the  heavier  molasses  penetrates  inward  to  every 
part  of  the  meat.  When  the  external  molasses  has  acquired  a  certain 
degree  of  liquidity  from  th«  mix'ure  ot  the  juices  of  the  meat,  it  is  a 
sure  sign  that  the  meat  is  thoroughly  impregnated.  It  is  now  taken 
out  of  the  molasses,  thoroughly  washed,  and  hung  in  a  current  of  air 
to  dry.  After  it  is  completely  dry  it  may  be  packed  in  boxes  and  sent 
all  over  the  world  without  experiencing  any  change  whatever. 

This  mode  of  preserving  aieat  is  an  item"  worthy  of  much  considera- 
tion, and  particularly  so,  should  our  national  struggle  for  independ- 
ence be  prolonged.  A  planter  may  kill  his  beef  or  pork  in  the  midst 
of  summer,  cut  up  his  meat  in  moderate  sized  pieces,  (while  full  of 
animal  heat,  before  it  cools  if  he  chooses,)  and  treat  as  stated  m  the 
foregoing.  It  is  decidedly  the  most  economical  and  safest  way  to  cure 
meat. 

If  a  barrel  or  half  barrel  of  molasses  is  used  for  the  above  process  of 
preserving  meats,  pork  and  beef,  it  may  be  u«cd  a  number  of  liaiec?,  for 
the  curring  of  several  successive  quantities  of  meat,  without  material 
injury  to  the  molasses.  When,  however,  a  thin  watery  liquid  will  form 
on  the  surface,  which  may  be  taken  off  and  giyen  to  hogs,  making  ex- 
cellent slop;  thus  it  will  bo  seen  Ibat  this  mode  of  preserving  meat  la  a 
very  economical  one. 

To  Destroy  Cutting  Ants  in  Gardens  or  Orchards. — Sprinkle  a  small 
quantity  of  corosive  sublimate  upon  the  ant  hill,  and  into  the  holes 
thereof.  This  will  effectively  destroy  them.  The  cutting  ant  is  very 
numerous  and  destructive  in  some  of  the  Southern  States,  and  particus 
larly  in  Texaf?. 


42 

Economy  in  Bread..  .Twenty-six  pounds  and  thirteen  ounces  of  good 
bread  have  been  made  from  fourteen  pounds  of  flour,  and  one  and  a  half 
pounds  of  rice,  by  the  following  method:  Tie  up  the  rice  in  a  thick 
linen  bag,  allowing  it  ample  room  to  swell,  boil  for  three  or  four  hours, 
until  it  becomes  a  smooth  paste;  mix  this  while  warm  with  the  flour, 
adding  the  usual  quantity  of  yeast  and  salt ;  allow  the  dough  to  rise  near 
the  fire,  and  divide  into  loaves.  It  is  afllrmed,  on  high  authority,  that 
flour  thus  treated,  will  yield  fifty  per  c<iat.  more  bread  than  by  the  ordi- 
nary method. 

Drying  Sweet  Corn.— When  the  corn  is  fully  grown  and  filled  with 
milk,  gather  it,  and  with  a  sharp  knife  cut  ofl'  the  grain.s  close  to  the 
cob.  Spread  it  in  tin  baking  pans,  and  place  it  around  the  stove,  and 
dry  as  soon  as  possible.  When  thoroughly  dried,  put  it  into  a  coarse 
cotton  bag,  keeping  it  near  the  stove,  oceasioually  shaking  it  up,  so  as  to 
have  it  thoroughly  dry.  Keep  it  in  a  dry  place  until  wanted  fur  use. 
When  wanted  for  cooking,  put  it  in  warm  water,  or  equal  parts  of  milk 
and  water  is  preferable,  and  let  it  swell  out.  Cook  it  15  or  20  minutes, 
and  bring  it  to  table  seasoned  with  butter,  salt  and  pepper  to  taste. 


A  good  substitute  for  coflee  is  sweet  potatoes  prepared  according  to 
he  following  directions : 

Cut  the  potatoe  in  slices  after  peeling  uud  washing;  diied,  burnt,  and 
ground  like  ordinary  coflee. 

The  common  garden  beet  is*.lso  a  good  substitute,  may  be  prepared 
iu  the  same  way  as  the  sweet  potato.  In  preparing  for  use  Ireai  as  or- 
dinary coffee. 


A  Substitute  for  Foreign  TeA.—Mcssn.  Editors:  Absent  from  the 
city  for  some  days,  I  have  taken  occaiion  again  to  test  the  New  Jersey 
tea  tree,  (C'am&i/iWs  J^me;'/mwcf,)  as  a  substitute  for  foreign  tea.  I  bad 
before  reported  it  as  an  indifferent  substitute.  On  this  occasion,  I  am 
glad  to  report  it  as  a  most  excellent  article,  to  be  used  in  war  times,  in 
place  of  a  high  priced  commodity,  which,  in  every  respect  it  closely 
resembles,  if  it  does  not  equal.  AH  of  us  find  the  flavor  of  the  indige- 
nous plant  to  be  most  excellent,  and  without  that  peculiar  taste  peculiar 
to  most  teas  made  of  herbs. 

Without  any  desire  to  exaggerate,  I  commend  the  substitute.  It 
jjrows  abundantl}-  in  our  pine  lands.  The  tea  prepared  from  this  shrub, 
draw  n  as  common  tea,  is  certainly  a  good  substitute  for  indifferent  black 
tea.     Properly  dried  i\nd  prepared,  it  is  certainly  better  than  none. 

8t.  .Johns,  H.  C,  October  9th,  18G1. 


To  Makb  an  Excellent  \*east.— Mix  two  quarts  of  soft  water  with 
wheat  flour  to  the  consistence  of  thick  gruel ;  boil  it  gently  for  half  an 
hour,  and  when  almost  cold  stir  into  it  half  a  pound  of  sugar  and  four 
spoonsful  of  good  yeast.  Put  it  into  a  large  jug  or  earthen  ves.sel  with 
a  narrow  top  and  place  it  before  the  fire  so  that  it  may  by  a  moderate 
heat  ferment.  The  fermentation  will  throw  up  a  thin  liquor,  which 
pour  off'  and  throw  away,  the  remainder  keep  for  use  iu  a  cool  place  in 
a  bottle  or  jug  tied  over.  The  same  quantit}'  as  of  common  yeast  will 
suffice  to  baKe  with.  Four  spoonsful  of  this  will  moke  a  fresh  quai'tity 
as  before.  By  this  receipe  a  constant  supply  of  yeast  may  be  kept  oii 
hand  in  every  household,  with  but  little  care,  the  process  being  very 
.simple  it  is  within  the  reach  of  every  family,  requiring  no  Irish  pota- 
toes, which  are  not  to  be  had  for  love  nor  money  in  many  parts  of  the 
Southern  Confederacy.  This  makes  an  excellent  veast,  and  has  always 
been  used  in  our  family.  "  H.  W.  R.  Jackson. 


43 

Parched  Corn,  Valuable  Information-  jor  Gderillas..  .Several 
years  ago  we  travelled  in  a  stage  with  the  Hod.  David  Hubbard,  of  North 
Alabama,  who  served  throughout  the  Seminole  war,  and  with  his  uner- 
ring rifle,  killed  many  redskins.  From  him  we  derived  the  following 
information,  which  we  publish  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  may  be 
about  embarking  in  guerilla  warfare,  and  our  soldiers  generally,  when 
provisions  are  scarce  or  cannot  with  convenience  be  transported  in  suffi- 
L-icnt  quantity.  Mr.  Hubbard  said  that  he  and  others  often  went  out 
bcouting  for  several  days  at  a  time,  taking  a  quart  or  more  of  parched 
corn  that  he  could  conveniently  carry  in  a  belt  made  for  the  purpose, 
sluneover  the  shoulder,  (the  weight  was  light)  and,  with  his  blanket 
and  Trusty  rifle,  sought  the  foe  in  the  lagoons,  and  wherever  else  he 
could  be  found.  That  until  this  method  of  warring  was  generally  adopt- 
i^d  by  the  troops,  no  progress  could  be  made  in  exterminating  the  sava- 
ges, which  proved  entirely  successful.  He  stated  that  a  quart  of  parched 
corn,  with  care,  would  subsist  a  soldier  for  a  week,  and  not  suffer  much 
hunger.    The  corn  they  parched  in  the  ashes  of  their  camp  fires. 


An  Excullknt  Suustitute  for  Con-EE...For  a  family  of  seven  or 
eight  persons,  take  a  pint  of  well  toasted  corn  meal,  and  add  to  it  as 
much  water  as  an  ordinary  sized  coQec  pot  will  hold  and  then  boil  it 
well.  We  have  tried  this  toasted  meal  coffee,  and  prefer  it  to  Java  or 
Kio,  inasmuch  as  genuine  coffee  does  not  suit  our  digestive  organs,  and 
we  have  not  used  it  for  years.  Many  persons  canuot  drink  coffee  with 
impunity,  and  we  advise  all  such  to  try  our  recipe.  They  will  find  it 
more  nutritious  than  coffee  and  quite  as  palataMe. 

I'icKLED  CufUMBEUs.— Put  the  cucuuibcrs  in  a  jar,  with  layers  of  salt, 
and  let  them  remain  21  hours.  Then  wash  them  in  vinegar,  and  let 
I  hem  lay  in  the  sun  for  one  or  two  days.  Put  them  in  vinegar  for  afoit- 
nigbi— then  take  them  out-^then  add  boiling  vinegar,  pouring  it  on  in 
small  quantities  for  three  days. 

If  you  desire  to  add  any  spices,  they  should  be  put  in  before  the  vine- 
gar. 

Add  a  small  piece  of  alum  to  make  the  pickle  firm.  But  they  are  more 
wholesome  without  the  alum. 


Green  Tomato   Pickle.— Cut  one  peck   green    tomatoes  in  very  thin 
slices — sprinkle  with  salt,  and  let  them  remain  a  day  or  two, 
lli  onioDS, 

I  ounce  black  tround  pepper, 
1     "    Allpice,  " 
^4  lb.  white  mustacd  seed, 
0  pods  green  pepper. 
If  wanted  very  sharp,  add  \^  tea  cup  of  grouud  mustard.  Cover  with 
vinegar,   and  let   them  simmer  uotil  the  tomatoes  look  clear. 


To  Make  Clarified  and  IIaiu>  Tallow  Canoles.— Put  half  pound  of 
alum  in  a  large  pot  of  water  and  fifty  pounds  of  tallow.  Boil  slowly  all 
day,  let  it  stand  all  night  to  cool— this  is  to  harden  it.  Take  out  the 
tallow  and  gel  rid  of  the  water  as  far  as  possible.  Melt  the  tallow 
"  have  it  hoi  but  not  boiling,"  and  add  to  it  the  htiHof  five  cents  worth 
each  of  verdigris  and  red  litherage.  Stir  it  well  once  and  let  it  stand 
to  cool.  Rats  and  cats  will  not  touch  canoles  thus  made.  If  you  dip 
the  wicks  in  spirits  of  turpentine  you  will  have  a  brilliant  light.  Be 
careful  not  to  put  loo  much  verdigris  in  the  tallow,  as  it  will  soften  the 
candles  again.  A.  F.  SPALDIXG. 


44 

WoETH  Knowing.— It  is  said  that  dried  fruit  put  away  with  a  little 
sassafras  bark,  (say  a  large  handful  to  a  bushel,)  will  save  it  for  years, 
unmolested  by  those  troublesome  insects  that  so  often  destroy  hundreds 
of  bushels  iu  a  season.  As  there  will  be  a  heavy  fruit  crop  tbis  year,  it 
would  be  well  for  farmers  to  remember  this. 


Sagamitk,  Portable  Food  for  Scouts..  .The  old  historiautj  and  trav> 
leers,  and  Indian  fighters,  tell  us  of  an  admirable  and  easily  portable 
food,  which  the  Red  men  always  earned  with  tbem  in  their  pouches 
when  on  their  hunting  and  war  parties.  It  was  a  combination  of  In- 
dian meal  and  brown  sugar,  three  parts  of  the  former  to  one  of  the  lat- 
ter, browned  together  over  the  fire.  This  food,  in  small  quantities,  not 
only  sufficed  to  arrest  hunger,  but  to  allaj^  thirst.  This  is  the  famous 
sagamiie  of  the  Red  man.  A  few  pounds  in  one's  haversack  would  oc- 
cupy Ittle  space,  and  would  serve  for  several  days.  Let  our  boys,  here 
and  there,  try  the  preparation  in  camp,  and  learn  the  uses  of  the  article 
before  going  on  a  march.  Their  friends  might  prepare  a  supply  of  it  in 
the  cities,  and  forward  to  the  camp ;  and  if,  upon  experiment,  it  shall 
prove  palatable,  it  may  be  prepared  in  any  quautities.  In  the  seige  of 
Charleston,  in  1780,  the  people  lived  wholly  on  rice  and  sugar  for  some 
weeks. 


Blackberry  Strup. — Make  a  simple  syrup  of  a  pound  of  sugar  to 
each  pint  of  water ;  next  boil  it  until  it  is  ricL  and  thick  ;  then  add  to 
it  as  many  pints  of  the  expressed  juice  of  ripe  blackberries  as  there  are 
pounds  of  sugar  ;  put  half  a  nutmeg  grated  to  each  quart  of  the  syrup  , 
let  it  boil  fifteen  or  twenty  minotes,  then  add  to  it  half  a  gill  of  fourth- 
proof  brandy,  for  each  quart  of  syrup  ;  set  it  by  to  become  cold  ;  then 
bottle  it  for  use.  A  table^spoonful  for  a  child,  or  a  wine4glas3  lor  an 
adult,  is  a  dose. 


Blackberry  Wine.—  The  following  is  said  to  be  an  excellent  recipe 
for  the  manufacture  of  superior  wine  from  blackberries:  Measure  your 
berriei!  and  bruise  them,  to  every  gallon  adding  one  quart  of  boilini: 
water;  let  the  mixture  stand  twenty-four  hours,  stirring  occasionally  ; 
then  strain  off  the  liquor  into  a  cask,  to  every  gallon  adding  two  pounds 
of  sugar;  cork  tight,  and  let  stand  till  the  following  October,  and  you 
will  have  wine  ready  for  use,  without  any  further  straining  or  boiling, 
that  will  make  lips  smack  a.s  they  never  smacked  under  similar  influ- 
ences before. 

Soothing  Drink  for  a  Cough... Take  two  ounces  of  tig?,  a;id  the 
same  ot  raisins  and  pearl  barley.  Boil  thera  together  in  a  pint  and  a 
half  of  water,  with  half  an  ounce  of  liquorice  root  and  the  game  of 
flax-seed,  sweeten  if  desired,  and  take  from  one  to  four  table  spoonfuLs 
as  often  as  the  severilv  of  the  cough  requires. 

A  Truthfl'l  and  Cheap  Barometer. .  .Take  a  clean  glaa.?  bottle  and 
put  in  it  a  small  quantitv  of  finely  pulverized  alum.  Then  fill  the  bottle 
with  spirits  of  wine.  The  alum  will  be  perfectly  dissolved  by  tbe  a.'co- 
htjl.  and  in  clear  weather  the  liquid  will  be  as  transparent  as  the  purest 
water.  Oa  the  approach  of  rain  or  cloudy  weather,  the  alum  will  be 
visible  in  a  flaky  spiral  cloud  in  the  centre  of  the  fluid,  reaching  frcnn 
the  bottom  to  the  surface.  Tbis  is  a  cheap,  simple  and  beautiful  ba- 
rometer, and  is  placed  within  the  reach  of  all  who  wish  to  possess  one. 
Por  simplicity  of  construction,  this  is  altogether  superior  to  the  frog 
barometer  in  general  use  in  Europe. 


45 

Important  to  Gardeners.— A  gardener  having  occasion  to  newly 
paint  the  wood  worli  in  the  interior  of  his  green^house,  determined  to 
make  trial  of  the  theory  of  the  absorbtion  of  heat  by  black  color,  with 
the  view  of  promoting  "the  maturity  of  his  plants  and  shrubs  by  means 
of  a  greater  quantity  of  caloric.  In  the  prtpiration  of  the  black  paiut 
he  used  coal  lar;  that  is  to  say,  tar  produced  by  the  distillation  of  coal 
in  the  manufacture  of  gas.  This  coal  tar.  besides  the  advantage  of  the 
color,  ofters  considerable  economy  in  painting,  being  about  one  eighth 
of  the  price  of  the  material  generally  used  in  mixing  black  paint.  The 
painting  here  in  question  was  executed  before  the  setting  id  of  winter. 
On  the  return  of  spring  the  gardener  observed,  with  no  less  surprise 
than  satisfaction,  that  the  spiders  and  other  insects  which  had  infected 
his  green-house  had  totally  disappeared.  He,  moreover  remarked  that 
a  vine,  trained  on  an  aspaliar,  which,  for  the  space  of  two  years,  had 
been  sensibly  decaying,  which  he  had  proposed  to  uproot  for  the  pur« 
pose  of  planting  another  in  it.s  place,  had  acquired  such  renewed  health 
and  vigor  as  to  be  capable  of  producing  excellent  table  grapes.  Having 
applied  his  new  paint  to  the  props,  treillagcs,  and  espaliers  of  all  his 
sickly  trees  and  shrubs,  as  well  as  those  which,  though  in  full  bloom, 
were  being  devoured  by  insects,  success,  again  crowned  his  experi- 
ment. Catterpillars  and  snails  disajtpeared  as  rapidly  as  the  insects 
had  vanished  from  the  greenshouse.  The  fruits  produced  by  the  trees 
ihus  treated  have  elicited  the  approval  and  eulogy  of  purchasers.— 
fSimilar  experiments  tried  on  the  vineyards  of  the  Gironde,  have,  it  is 
paid,  been  attended  by  the  same  excellent  results.— fN.  O. .Bulletin. 

A  Durable  Paint  for  Oct-door  Work.— To  a  quantity  of  charcoal 
add  a  quantity  of  liihrage  as  a  drier,  to  be  well  levigated  with  linseed 
oil.  The  above  forms  a  good  black  paint,  and  by  adding  yellow  ochre 
an  excellent  green  is  produced,  which  is  preferable  to  the  bright  green 
frequently  used  in  out-door  work,  as  it  does  not  fade  with  the  .«?un. 

Water  Proof  Cloth.— Dr.  J.  L.  Crawcour,  Professor  of  Chemistry, 
New  Orleans,  has  furnished  the  Delta,  of  that  city  with  the  annexed 
formula  for  rendering  clothing  water  proaf : 

1.  Dissolve  in  twelve  gallons  of  soft  water,  three  and  a  half  pounds  of 
alum,  and  dissolve  in  another  twelve  gallons  of  water  the  same  weight 
of  sugar  of  lead;  mix  the  two  solutions,  and  an  insoluble  sulphate  of 
lead  will  be  formed,  and  will  fall  to  the  bottom  of  the  vessel.  Decant 
the  supernatant  liquid,  and  plunge  the  stuffs  in  it.  They  should  be 
strongly  compressed  while  under  the  liquid,  in  order  to  expel  the  air 
from  the  pores,  and  suS'ered  to  soak  for  forty- eight  hours.  If  the  stuffs 
are  saturated  in  avacuam-pan,  it  would  be  better.  When  withdrawn 
from  the  liquid,  they  are  to  be  dried,  brushed,  and  pressed  with  a  hot 
iron. 

No.  2.  l3  a  superior,  but  a  more  expensive  process.  The  same  fluid 
is  to  be  employed  as  in  No.  1..  but  before  using  it,  the  clothes  are  to  be 
dipped  into  a  liquid  made  by  dissolving  twenty  pounds  of  British  guoi 
or  dextrine,  and  ten  pounds  "of  white  soap  in  fifteen  gallons  of  boiling 
water.  The  clothes  should  be  boiled  in  this  liquid  lor  a  few  minutes, 
and  while  still  wet,  be  emersed  in  liquid  No,  1.,  and  treated  as  specif 
tied  in  process  No.  1.  Stuffs  treated  in  this  way  are  completely  imper- 
vious to  water,  though  pervious  to  air,  and  their  pliability  and  dura- 
bility are  remarkably  increased.  Instead  of  the  British  gum,  a  solution 
of  gelatine  or  glue  may  be  employed. 

A  Good  Core  for  Cough.— Vinegar  and]  salt  mixed  together.  A 
teaspoonful  several  times  a  day. 


46 

BiTB  or  A  Kati'lesnake  Cuukd  IX  Two  Hours. — The  Petersburg  Ex 
press  publishes  the  foUowiug  from  a  reliable  correspondent: 

A  carpenter,  while  engaged  a  few  days  ago  in  pulling  down  an  old 
house,  and  in  removing  some  of  the  rotten  timbers  near  the  ground,  wa^ 
bitten  by  a  rattlesnake.  In  a  few  moments  his  linger  was  swollen  ti. 
four  times  its  Jiatural  size,  and  a  red  streak  commenced  running  up  hi 
hand  and  wrist.  A  deadly  langnor  came  upon  him,  and  his  vision  grew 
dim,  clearly  indicating  that  the  subtle  poison  that  was  coursing  thiougl- 
his  veins  was  rapidly  approaching  the  citadel  of  life.  But  a  remeriv 
was  tried,  merely  by  way  of  experiment,  which,  to  the  surprise  of  ail 
present,  acted  like  a  charm,  the  component  parts  of  which  were  onioii, 
tobacco  and  salt,  of  equal  parts,  made  into  a  poultice  and  applied  1o  the 
wound,  and  at  the  same  time  a  cord  was  bound  tightly  about  the  wrist, 
In  two  hours  afterwards  he  had  so  far  recovered  as  to  be  able  to  resume 
his  work.  I  know  an  old  negro  who  cured  a  boy  that  had  been  bitte i: 
by  a  mad  dog,  by  the  same  application. 

l.SFALLiHLB  Cure  for  Hydrophobia.,  .a  kSaxou  forre.<?ter  named  Gas- 
tell,  now  of  the  venerable  age  of  eighty-two ;  unwilling  to  take  to  the 
grave  with  him  a  secret  of  so  much  importance,  has  made  public  in  thf 
Leipsic  Journal  the  means  which  he  has  used  for  fifty  years,  and  whpre 
with  he  attirms  he  has  rescued  many  human  beings  and  cattle  from  tho 
fearful  death  of  hydrophobia.  Take  immediately  warm  vinegar  or  tepid 
water,  wash  the  wound  clean  therewith,  and  then  dry  it ;  then  pour  upon 
the  wound  a  few  drops  of  hydrochloric  acid,  because  mineral  acids  de 
stroy  the  poison  of  the  saliva,  by  which  means  the  latter  is  neutralized. 

To  Destroy  Weeds  or  Gra.ss  iv  Wai-K;5  and  Paths.-  The  following, 
method  is  adopted  at  the  mint  in  Paris,  with  good  effect.  Take  ten  gal- 
lons of  water :  twenty  pounds  of  quick  lime;  two  pounds  of  sulphur; 
and  boil  them  in  an  iron  vessel,  let  the  liquor  settle,  and  draw  off  the 
clear  part,  and  water  the  alleys  and  pavemeufs.  The  weeds  or  grass 
will  not  appear  for  several  years. 

An  East  Method  or  Washing  Cotto.n  and  Linf.n.,.To  live  galloo.s 
of  water  add  half  a  pound  of  soap,  cut  small;  one  ounce  of  soda  ..i 
potash  ;  one  pint  of  clear  lime  water.  Put  the  clothes  to  steep  all  night. 
Rub  the  necks  and  wrist-bands  of  shirts,  and  give  them  a  rough,  oare 
less  wash.  Put  them  into  a  boiler,  with  the  above  mixtnre,  and  boil 
three  quarters  of  an  hour;  machine  well  in  cold  water;  wring  them  out 
and  put  into  blue  water,  and  proceed  as  usual.  In  some  iu^^tance-^.  th*' 
f/oiling  process  is  repeated.  Potash  must  be  used  instead  ol  soda,  for 
flannels.  This  mode  of  washing  precludes  the  neces.sity  of  h.ird  manual 
labor,  and  saves  two  hundred  per  cent,  in  the  wear  and  tear  of  clothing. 

Antidote  Against  Poison..  .Many  lives  might  be  saved  by  a  knowl- 
edge of  this  simple  recipe:  A  large  teaspoonful  of  mustard,  mixed, in  a 
tumbler  of  warm  water,  and  svrallowed  as  soon  as  possible,  acts  a.?  an 
in.stant  emetic,  sufficiently  powerful  to  remove  all  that  is  lodged  in  the 

stomach.  ,  ,.  .  ,  ,, 

A  quantity  of  magnesia  or  lime-water  drank  immediately  will  neu.- 
trahze  oxalic  acid;  corosive  sublimate  is  quickly  neutralized  by  white 
of  eggs ;  white  arsenic  by  hydrated  oxide  of  iron ;  administer  quickly. 

LocKJ\w..  .Apply  a  beet,  fresh  from  the  garden,  pounded  fine,  to  the 
wound  which  threatens  lockjaw.  Renew  the  poultice  of  mashed  beet,  us 
soon  as  its  virtues  become  ioipaired,  and  continue  uatil  the  danger  is 
over. 


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